Glaciers, glacial lakes and glacial lake outburst floods in the Mount Everest region, Nepal
Glaciers, glacial lakes and glacial lake outburst floods in the Mount Everest region, Nepal
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DOI：
10.3189/172756410790595895
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发表时间：
2009-01-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Mool, Pradeep
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bajracharya, Samjwal Ratna;Mool, Pradeep
近年来的气候变化对高山冰川环境产生了重大影响。冰川的快速融化导致了冰碛湖的形成和扩张，造成了冰湖溃决洪水（GLOFs）的潜在危险。大多数湖泊形成于世纪后半叶。在尼泊尔的珠峰峰（萨加玛塔）地区，冰川正在以每年10-59米的平均速度退缩。从1976年到2000年，Lumding和Imja冰川分别退缩了42和34 m a（-1），从2000年到2007年，这两个冰川的速度增加到74 m a（-1）。在过去的十年里，喜马拉雅冰川普遍在收缩和退缩，而冰碛湖却在激增。尽管海拔3500米以上的湖泊数量冰碛湖的总面积在增加。了解冰川和冰湖的行为是GLOF灾害管理的一个重要方面。
Recent climate changes have had a significant impact on the high-mountain glacial environment. Rapid melting of glaciers has resulted in the formation and expansion of moraine-dammed lakes, creating a potential danger from glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs). Most lakes have formed during the second half of the 20th century. Glaciers in the Mount Everest (Sagamartha) region, Nepal, are retreating at an average rate of 10-59 m a(-1). From 1976 to 2000, Lumding and Imja Glaciers retreated 42 and 34 m a(-1), respectively, a rate that increased to 74 m a(-1) for both glaciers from 2000 to 2007. During the past decade, Himalayan glaciers have generally been shrinking and retreating faster while moraine-dammed lakes have been proliferating. Although the number of lakes above 3500 m a.s.l. has decreased, the overall area of moraine-dammed lakes is increasing. Understanding the behaviour of glaciers and glacial lakes is a vital aspect of GLOF disaster management.