A Simple Microbiome in the European Common Cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis
A Simple Microbiome in the European Common Cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis
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DOI：
10.1128/msystems.00177-19
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发表时间：
2019-05
期刊：
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
H. Lutz;H. Lutz;S. T. Ramírez-Puebla;Lisa A Abbo;Amber Durand;Cathleen Schlundt;N. Gottel;Alexandra K. Sjaarda;R. Hanlon;J. Gilbert;J. Gilbert;J. M. Welch
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文献类型：
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作者：
H. Lutz;H. Lutz;S. T. Ramírez-Puebla;Lisa A Abbo;Amber Durand;Cathleen Schlundt;N. Gottel;Alexandra K. Sjaarda;R. Hanlon;J. Gilbert;J. Gilbert;J. M. Welch
微生物可以在其动物宿主的生理学中发挥关键作用，例如在头足类动物中，费氏弧菌在短尾鱿鱼的光器官中的作用以及阿尔法和伽马变形菌在各种头足类动物的生殖系统和卵防御中的作用。我们对整个消化道，鳃和皮肤的乌贼微生物组进行了采样，并发现了一种弧菌属微生物在食管这一意想不到的部位的密集定植，以及鱼形刺囊菌科在鳃上的定植。这一发现扩大了已知与弧菌相关的生物体和身体部位的范围，对于理解宿主共生体协会以及理解和维持海水养殖中头足类动物的健康具有潜在意义。摘要欧洲乌贼广泛用于生物学和生物医学研究，但其微生物组的特征仍然很差。我们分析了海水养殖的黄鳍金枪鱼消化道、鳃和皮肤的微生物群。使用16 S rRNA扩增子测序、定量PCR（qPCR）和荧光光谱成像的组合，对药用植物的DNA进行扩增。测序揭示了一个高度简化的微生物群，主要由弧菌科和Piscirickettsiaceae的两个单一细菌扩增子序列变体（ASV）组成。食管由弧菌属的单个ASV占主导地位。成像显示弧菌科的细菌分布在食管的离散层中。这种弧菌也是在胃、盲肠和肠的微生物群中发现的主要ASV，但如通过qPCR所确定的，以较低的丰度出现，并且通过成像分析发现仅分散在管腔中而不是在离散层中。用常用抗生素恩诺沙星治疗动物导致食管中占主导地位的ASV弧菌减少近80%，但与对照动物相比，治疗动物的细菌相对丰度总体上没有显著改变。来自鳃的数据由Piscirickettsiaceae中的单个ASV主导，其成像可视化为小的细胞簇。我们的结论是，属于γ-变形菌的细菌是主要的共生体的乌贼乌贼培养的蛋在圈养和食道和鳃的主要殖民地。重要性微生物在动物宿主的生理学中发挥着关键作用，例如在头足类动物中，费氏弧菌（Aliivibrio）在短尾鱿鱼的光器官中的作用以及阿尔法和伽马变形菌在各种头足类动物的生殖系统和卵防御中的作用。我们对整个消化道，鳃和皮肤的乌贼微生物组进行了采样，并发现了一种弧菌属微生物在食管这一意想不到的部位的密集定植，以及鱼形刺囊菌科在鳃上的定植。这一发现扩大了已知与弧菌相关的生物体和身体部位的范围，对于理解宿主共生体协会以及理解和维持海水养殖中头足类动物的健康具有潜在意义。
Microbes can play critical roles in the physiology of their animal hosts, as evidenced in cephalopods by the role of Vibrio (Aliivibrio) fischeri in the light organ of the bobtail squid and the role of Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria in the reproductive system and egg defense in a variety of cephalopods. We sampled the cuttlefish microbiome throughout the digestive tract, gills, and skin and found dense colonization of an unexpected site, the esophagus, by a microbe of the genus Vibrio, as well as colonization of gills by Piscirickettsiaceae. This finding expands the range of organisms and body sites known to be associated with Vibrio and is of potential significance for understanding host-symbiont associations, as well as for understanding and maintaining the health of cephalopods in mariculture. ABSTRACT The European common cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis, is used extensively in biological and biomedical research, yet its microbiome remains poorly characterized. We analyzed the microbiota of the digestive tract, gills, and skin in mariculture-raised S. officinalis using a combination of 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, quantitative PCR (qPCR), and fluorescence spectral imaging. Sequencing revealed a highly simplified microbiota consisting largely of two single bacterial amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) of Vibrionaceae and Piscirickettsiaceae. The esophagus was dominated by a single ASV of the genus Vibrio. Imaging revealed bacteria in the family Vibrionaceae distributed in a discrete layer that lines the esophagus. This Vibrio was also the primary ASV found in the microbiota of the stomach, cecum, and intestine, but occurred at lower abundance, as determined by qPCR, and was found only scattered in the lumen rather than in a discrete layer via imaging analysis. Treatment of animals with the commonly used antibiotic enrofloxacin led to a nearly 80% reduction of the dominant Vibrio ASV in the esophagus but did not significantly alter the relative abundance of bacteria overall between treated versus control animals. Data from the gills were dominated by a single ASV in the family Piscirickettsiaceae, which imaging visualized as small clusters of cells. We conclude that bacteria belonging to the Gammaproteobacteria are the major symbionts of the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis cultured from eggs in captivity and that the esophagus and gills are major colonization sites. IMPORTANCE Microbes can play critical roles in the physiology of their animal hosts, as evidenced in cephalopods by the role of Vibrio (Aliivibrio) fischeri in the light organ of the bobtail squid and the role of Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria in the reproductive system and egg defense in a variety of cephalopods. We sampled the cuttlefish microbiome throughout the digestive tract, gills, and skin and found dense colonization of an unexpected site, the esophagus, by a microbe of the genus Vibrio, as well as colonization of gills by Piscirickettsiaceae. This finding expands the range of organisms and body sites known to be associated with Vibrio and is of potential significance for understanding host-symbiont associations, as well as for understanding and maintaining the health of cephalopods in mariculture.