High-Resolution, Rapid-Scan Dual-Doppler Retrievals of Vertical Velocity in a Simulated Supercell

High-Resolution, Rapid-Scan Dual-Doppler Retrievals of Vertical Velocity in a Simulated Supercell
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模拟超级细胞中垂直速度的高分辨率、快速扫描双多普勒反演

DOI:
10.1175/jtech-d-18-0211.1
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发表时间:
2019
影响因子:
2.2
通讯作者:
Xue, Ming
Xue, Ming
中科院分区:
地球科学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Dahl, Nathan A.;Shapiro, Alan;Potvin, Corey K.;Theisen, Adam;Gebauer, Joshua G.;Schenkman, Alexander D.;Xue, Ming

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观测系统模拟实验用于评估不同的双多普勒分析 (DDA) 方法,用于检索模拟龙卷超级单体内 100 m 量级的垂直速度和网格间距。测试了具有和不具有垂直涡度方程约束的变分方法,以及涉及质量守恒方程垂直积分的典型(传统)方法。分析采用来自中气旋以东 15、30 和 45 公里处双多普勒位置的模拟雷达数据,体积扫描间隔范围为 10 至 150 秒。在一些分析中,通过否定 1 公里以下的观测来检验近地表数据丢失的影响。在雷达范围较长且不施加数据否认的情况下,“传统”方法产生与变分方法类似的结果,并且实施成本要低得多。然而,在近距离和/或数据否认的情况下,变分法要准确得多,证实了先前研究的结果。涡度约束显示了显着改进变分分析的潜力,当使用空间可变平流校正估计局部涡度趋势时,近距离快速扫描观测(≤30秒)的检索误差最多可减少30%。然而,涡度约束也会降低较长扫描间隔的分析效果,并且影响会随着范围的增加而减弱。此外,使用 30 秒数据的分析也经常优于使用 10 秒数据的分析,这表明使用涡度约束的变分 DDA 增加雷达扫描速率的好处是有限的。
Observation system simulation experiments are used to evaluate different dual-Doppler analysis (DDA) methods for retrieving vertical velocitywat grid spacings on the order of 100 m within a simulated tornadic supercell. Variational approaches with and without a vertical vorticity equation constraint are tested, along with a typical (traditional) method involving vertical integration of the mass conservation equation. The analyses employ emulated radar data from dual-Doppler placements 15, 30, and 45 km east of the mesocyclone, with volume scan intervals ranging from 10 to 150 s. The effect of near-surface data loss is examined by denying observations below 1 km in some of the analyses. At the longer radar ranges and when no data denial is imposed, the “traditional” method produces results similar to those of the variational method and is much less expensive to implement. However, at close range and/or with data denial, the variational method is much more accurate, confirming results from previous studies. The vorticity constraint shows the potential to improve the variational analysis substantially, reducing errors in thewretrieval by up to 30% for rapid-scan observations (≤30 s) at close range when the local vorticity tendency is estimated using spatially variable advection correction. However, the vorticity constraint also degrades the analysis for longer scan intervals, and the impact diminishes with increased range. Furthermore, analyses using 30-s data also frequently outperform analyses using 10-s data, suggesting a limit to the benefit of increasing the radar scan rate for variational DDA employing the vorticity constraint.
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