Tennis grunts communicate acoustic cues to sex and contest outcome
Tennis grunts communicate acoustic cues to sex and contest outcome
复制标题
网球咕噜声传达性爱和比赛结果的声音提示
DOI：
10.1016/j.anbehav.2017.06.022
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
D. Reby
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Raine;K. Pisanski;D. Reby
亮点网球咕噜声是人类在竞争性互动中产生的非语言发声。我们表明，咕噜声音高 (F0) 表明了运动员的性别，但不代表年龄或体型。咕噜声 F0 随着网球比赛的进行而增加，并且输掉比赛中的咕噜声高于获胜比赛。回放显示，听众使用咕噜声 F0 来推断性别和比赛结果。网球咕噜声与非人类哺乳动物的叫声一样，传达静态和动态信息。尽管它们在人类中普遍存在行为方面，非语言发声的交际功能仍然知之甚少。在这里，我们分析了网球咕噜声的声学结构，即在竞争环境中产生的非语言发声。我们预测网球咕噜声会传达有关发声者和上下文的信息，类似于非人类的声音展示。具体来说，我们测试了网球咕噜声的基本频率（F0）是否传达了球员性别、身高、体重和年龄的静态线索，以及与网球击球类型（身体姿势的代表）以及男女职业网球比赛的进展和结果的动态协变。我们还进行了回放实验（使用自然和重新合成的刺激）来评估网球咕噜声的感知相关性。网球选手的 F0 可以预测球员的性别，但不能预测年龄或体型。发球进攻的 F0 高于正手和反手进攻的 F0，比赛后期产生的进攻的 F0 高于之前产生的进攻，而在球员获胜的比赛中产生的进攻的 F0 低于输掉比赛时产生的 F0。这种输赢之间的 F0 差异在比赛早期就出现了，并且随着比赛的进行，其幅度并没有改变，这表明生理和/或心理因素可能在比赛早期甚至赛前表现出来。回放显示，听众使用咕噜声 F0 来推断性别和比赛结果。这些发现表明，网球咕噜声传达了有关发声者和比赛的信息，与非人类哺乳动物的发声一致。
HighlightsTennis grunts are human nonverbal vocalizations produced in competitive interactions.We show that grunt pitch (F0) indicates a player's sex but not age or body size.Grunt F0 increases as tennis matches progress, and is higher in lost than won matches.Playbacks reveal that listeners use grunt F0 to infer sex and contest outcome.Tennis grunts, like nonhuman mammal calls, convey static and dynamic information.Despite their ubiquity in human behaviour, the communicative functions of nonverbal vocalizations remain poorly understood. Here, we analysed the acoustic structure of tennis grunts, nonverbal vocalizations produced in a competitive context. We predicted that tennis grunts convey information about the vocalizer and context, similar to nonhuman vocal displays. Specifically, we tested whether the fundamental frequency (F0) of tennis grunts conveys static cues to a player's sex, height, weight, and age, and covaries dynamically with tennis shot type (a proxy of body posture) and the progress and outcome of male and female professional tennis contests. We also performed playback experiments (using natural and resynthesized stimuli) to assess the perceptual relevance of tennis grunts. The F0 of tennis grunts predicted player sex, but not age or body size. Serve grunts had higher F0 than forehand and backhand grunts, grunts produced later in contests had higher F0 than those produced earlier, and grunts produced during contests that players won had a lower F0 than those produced during lost contests. This difference in F0 between losses and wins emerged early in matches, and did not change in magnitude as the match progressed, suggesting a possible role of physiological and/or psychological factors manifesting early or even before matches. Playbacks revealed that listeners use grunt F0 to infer sex and contest outcome. These findings indicate that tennis grunts communicate information about both the vocalizer and contest, consistent with nonhuman mammal vocalizations.
影响因子：
--
作者：
Davila Ross;Zimmermann
通讯作者：
Zimmermann