Biotechnical applications of phasins: Small proteins with large potential
Biotechnical applications of phasins: Small proteins with large potential
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DOI：
10.1016/j.rser.2022.112129
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发表时间：
2022-01-15
影响因子：
15.9
通讯作者：
Saha，Rajib
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brown，Brandi;Immethun，Cheryl;Saha，Rajib
相蛋白是一类特别吸引人的小分子量蛋白质，是细菌产生的生物塑料颗粒周围的主要蛋白质，称为聚羟基烷酸酯（pha）。pha是人们感兴趣的生物聚合物，因为它们的热机械性能与石油基塑料相当，它们是可生物降解的，具有生物相容性，并且可以从可再生的生物资源中生产。随着从生物质和生物资源中设计和开发可持续的生物产品越来越受欢迎，对PHA生产的表征和优化的努力已经揭示了相蛋白的一些特殊功能。除了它们在PHA颗粒形成中的表面表现外，phasins还被证明具有类似伴侣的活性，可以缓解细菌应激，激活PHA解聚，促进PHA颗粒分离，并促进PHA合成酶的表达和活性。由于对相蛋白的结构、功能和强烈的两亲性倾向的新认识，它们已被广泛应用于各种可持续应用，远远超出生物塑料生产。因此，phasins正在成为可持续的下一代生物质生物生产的生物技术平台。这篇综述概述了采用phasins的生物技术进展，包括优化的生物塑料生产，生物炼制中对生长抑制剂的耐受性增加，“绿色”生物催化，环境修复和各种可持续治疗生物产品。研究差距和建议的应用阶段也提供了潜在的指导，为未来的方向。
Phasins are a particularly fascinating class of small-molecular weight proteins that are the dominant proteins surrounding bioplastic granules produced by bacteria, called polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). PHAs are biopolymers of interest since their thermomechanical properties are comparable to petroleum-based plastics, they are biodegradable, biocompatible, and can be produced from renewable bioresources. As the design and development of sustainable bioproducts from biomass and bioresources is becoming increasingly desirable, efforts to characterize and optimize PHA production have illuminated some exceptional functions of phasins. In addition to their surface performance in PHA granule formation, phasins have been shown to perform chaperone-like activities for bacterial stress mitigation, activate PHA depolymerization, contribute to PHA granule segregation, and boost the expression and activity of PHA synthases. Due to the newfound knowledge of the structures, functions, and strong amphiphilic tendencies of phasins, they have been applied in a wide variety of sustainable applications far beyond bioplastic production. Thus, phasins are emerging as a biotechnology platform for sustainable, next generation bioproduction from biomass. This review provides a synopsis of the biotechnical advances employing phasins, which include optimized bioplastic production, increased tolerance to growth inhibitors in biorefineries, “green” biocatalysis, environmental remediation, and an assortment of sustainable therapeutic bioproducts. Research gaps and suggested applications of phasins are also offered as a potential guide for future direction.