Cold atoms in cavity-generated dynamical optical potentials
Cold atoms in cavity-generated dynamical optical potentials
复制标题
DOI：
10.1103/revmodphys.85.553
复制
发表时间：
2013-04-02
影响因子：
44.1
通讯作者：
Esslinger, Tilman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ritsch, Helmut;Domokos, Peter;Esslinger, Tilman
本文综述了高精密光学谐振器中原子场相互作用色散状态下冷原子和超冷原子与辐射场耦合运动的最新理论和实验。原子上的光偶极子力与原子运动对光场的反作用形成了一个复杂的非线性耦合动力学。由于谐振腔构成了一个开放驱动和阻尼系统，动力学是非保守的，通常可以冷却和限制极化粒子的运动。此外，发射的腔场允许实时监测粒子的位置，最小的扰动达到亚波长精度。对于多体系统，谐振腔场介导可控的远程原子-原子相互作用，为集体现象奠定了基础。除了远距离粒子的相关运动外，人们还发现了与超辐射光散射有关的不同原子序态之间的临界行为和非平衡相变。光学谐振腔内的量子简并气体可以用来模拟光力学以及新的量子相，如超固体和自旋玻璃。通过监测腔场，可以实时控制和探索由Dicke hamilton量等预测的非平衡量子相变。结合光学晶格，腔场可用于非破坏性探测哈伯德物理和剪裁超冷量子系统的远程相互作用。DOI: 10.1103 / RevModPhys.85.553
This is a review of state-of-the-art theory and experiment of the motion of cold and ultracold atoms coupled to the radiation field within a high-finesse optical resonator in the dispersive regime of the atom-field interaction with small internal excitation. The optical dipole force on the atoms together with the backaction of atomic motion onto the light field gives rise to a complex nonlinear coupled dynamics. As the resonator constitutes an open driven and damped system, the dynamics is nonconservative and in general enables cooling and confining the motion of polarizable particles. In addition the emitted cavity field allows for real-time monitoring of the particle's position with minimal perturbation up to subwavelength accuracy. For many-body systems, the resonator field mediates controllable long-range atom-atom interactions, which set the stage for collective phenomena. Besides the correlated motion of distant particles, one finds critical behavior and nonequilibrium phase transitions between states of different atomic order in conjunction with superradiant light scattering. Quantum-degenerate gases inside optical resonators can be used to emulate optomechanics as well as novel quantum phases such as supersolids and spin glasses. Nonequilibrium quantum phase transitions as predicted by, e. g., the Dicke Hamiltonian can be controlled and explored in real time via monitoring the cavity field. In combination with optical lattices, the cavity field can be utilized for nondestructive probing Hubbard physics and tailoring long-range interactions for ultracold quantum systems. DOI: 10.1103/RevModPhys.85.553