Observation of the antimatter helium-4 nucleus

Observation of the antimatter helium-4 nucleus
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反物质氦4核的观测

DOI:
10.1038/nature10079
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发表时间:
2011-03
期刊:
影响因子:
64.8
通讯作者:
STAR Collaboration
STAR Collaboration
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
LIANG XUE;AIHONG TANG;JINHUI CHEN;YUGANG MA;STAR Collaboration

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高能核碰撞产生的能量密度类似于宇宙大爆炸后的微秒;在这两种情况下,物质和反物质的形成具有相当的丰度。然而,核碰撞中相对短暂的膨胀使反物质能够迅速与物质分离,并避免湮灭。因此,重核高能加速器为生产和研究反物质提供了一种有效的手段。反物质氦-4核(),也被称为反α(),由两个反质子和两个反中子(重子数B=−4)组成。尽管α粒子在一个世纪前被卢瑟福发现,并以10%的水平存在于宇宙辐射中,但它以前从未被观察到。与B<−1的反物质核只被观察到是粒子加速器相互作用的稀有产物,在粒子加速器中,高能碰撞中反核产生的速率每增加一个反核子,就会减少约1,000倍。在这里,我们报告了迄今为止观察到的最重的反核。在相对论重离子对撞机(RHIC)的恒星实验中,总共检测到了18个计数。在109记录的金对金(Au+Au)碰撞中,每个核子-核子对的质心能量分别为200GeV和62GeV。这一产额与热力学和聚结核合成模型的预期一致,为更重反物质核的产生率提供了一个指示,并为未来可能观测到的宇宙辐射中的核提供了一个基准。
High-energy nuclear collisions create an energy density similar to that of the Universe microseconds after the Big Bang; in both cases, matter and antimatter are formed with comparable abundance. However, the relatively short-lived expansion in nuclear collisions allows antimatter to decouple quickly from matter, and avoid annihilation. Thus, a high-energy accelerator of heavy nuclei provides an efficient means of producing and studying antimatter. The antimatter helium-4 nucleus (), also known as the anti-α (), consists of two antiprotons and two antineutrons (baryon number B=− 4). It has not been observed previously, although the α-particle was identified a century ago by Rutherford and is present in cosmic radiation at the ten per cent level. Antimatter nuclei with B<− 1 have been observed only as rare products of interactions at particle accelerators, where the rate of antinucleus production in high-energy collisions decreases by a factor of about 1,000 with each additional antinucleon,,. Here we report the observation of, the heaviest observed antinucleus to date. In total, 18 counts were detected at the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC; ref.) in 109 recorded gold-on-gold (Au+ Au) collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 200 GeV and 62 GeV per nucleon–nucleon pair. The yield is consistent with expectations from thermodynamic and coalescent nucleosynthesis models, providing an indication of the production rate of even heavier antimatter nuclei and a benchmark for possible future observations of in cosmic radiation.
DOI: 10.1007/bf02814251
发表时间: 1965-09
期刊: Il Nuovo Cimento (1955-1965)
影响因子: --
作者:
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通讯作者: T. Massam;T. Muller;B. Righini;M. Schneegans;A. Zichichi
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发表时间: 1996-03
期刊: International Journal of Modern Physics E-nuclear Physics
影响因子: --
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发表时间: 1961-07
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影响因子: --
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DOI: --
发表时间: 2013-02
期刊: --
影响因子: --
作者:
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通讯作者: Haidong Liu
影响因子: 1.4
作者:
Anderson, M;Berkovitz, J;Zhang, W
通讯作者: Zhang, W