Observation of the antimatter helium-4 nucleus
Observation of the antimatter helium-4 nucleus
复制标题
反物质氦4核的观测
DOI:
10.1038/nature10079
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发表时间:
2011-03
期刊:
影响因子:
64.8
通讯作者:
STAR Collaboration
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
LIANG XUE;AIHONG TANG;JINHUI CHEN;YUGANG MA;STAR Collaboration
High-energy nuclear collisions create an energy density similar to that of the Universe microseconds after the Big Bang; in both cases, matter and antimatter are formed with comparable abundance. However, the relatively short-lived expansion in nuclear collisions allows antimatter to decouple quickly from matter, and avoid annihilation. Thus, a high-energy accelerator of heavy nuclei provides an efficient means of producing and studying antimatter. The antimatter helium-4 nucleus (), also known as the anti-α (), consists of two antiprotons and two antineutrons (baryon number B=− 4). It has not been observed previously, although the α-particle was identified a century ago by Rutherford and is present in cosmic radiation at the ten per cent level. Antimatter nuclei with B<− 1 have been observed only as rare products of interactions at particle accelerators, where the rate of antinucleus production in high-energy collisions decreases by a factor of about 1,000 with each additional antinucleon,,. Here we report the observation of, the heaviest observed antinucleus to date. In total, 18 counts were detected at the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC; ref.) in 109 recorded gold-on-gold (Au+ Au) collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 200 GeV and 62 GeV per nucleon–nucleon pair. The yield is consistent with expectations from thermodynamic and coalescent nucleosynthesis models, providing an indication of the production rate of even heavier antimatter nuclei and a benchmark for possible future observations of in cosmic radiation.
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DOI:
10.1007/bf02814251
发表时间:
1965-09
期刊:
Il Nuovo Cimento (1955-1965)
影响因子:
--
作者:
T. Massam;T. Muller;B. Righini;M. Schneegans;A. Zichichi
通讯作者:
T. Massam;T. Muller;B. Righini;M. Schneegans;A. Zichichi
DOI:
10.1142/s0218301396000025
发表时间:
1996-03
期刊:
International Journal of Modern Physics E-nuclear Physics
影响因子:
--
作者:
W. Greiner
通讯作者:
W. Greiner
DOI:
10.1016/0031-9163(64)90386-5
发表时间:
1961-07
期刊:
Physics Letters
影响因子:
--
作者:
S. T. Butler;C. Pearson
通讯作者:
S. T. Butler;C. Pearson
DOI:
--
发表时间:
2013-02
期刊:
--
影响因子:
--
作者:
Haidong Liu
通讯作者:
Haidong Liu
DOI:
10.1016/s0168-9002(02)01964-2
发表时间:
2003-03-01
影响因子:
1.4
作者:
Anderson, M;Berkovitz, J;Zhang, W
通讯作者:
Zhang, W