Indicators of improved water access in the context of schistosomiasis transmission in rural Eastern Region, Ghana.
Indicators of improved water access in the context of schistosomiasis transmission in rural Eastern Region, Ghana.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.140
复制
发表时间：
2017-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Naumova EN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kulinkina AV;Kosinski KC;Plummer JD;Durant JL;Bosompem KM;Adjei MN;Griffiths JK;Gute DM;Naumova EN
无法获得水、环境卫生和个人卫生 (WASH) 基础设施的人群尤其容易受到被忽视的热带病 (NTD) 的影响。因此，WASH 在综合控制和消除包括血吸虫病在内的 NTD 方面日益受到重视。为了确定服务不足的人群，需要在国家以下或地方层面采取相关措施来获取 WASH 基础设施。我们对加纳东部地区 74 个农村社区的所有公共水源进行了实地调查，并使用两种方法计算了供水指标：一种基于设计容量，另一种基于水源的空间分布。空间方法适用于改良水源和地表水源。根据空间方法，研究区的改良水源在社区内分布均匀，当全部使用功能性水源时，95% (CI95%: 91, 98) 的人口在 500 m 范围内可以使用水源，而当仅考虑功能性水源时，这一比例为 87% (CI95%: 81, 93)。根据基于设计容量的方法，指标值较低：所有源为 63% (CI95%: 57, 69)，仅功能源为 49% (CI95%: 43, 55)。 62% (CI95%: 54, 71) 的人口位于距常年地表水源 500 m 范围内，地表水供应充足。在 300 m 范围内观察到功能性改善的水获取与地表水获取之间存在负相关关系。在这种情况下，改善水源的水质感知也很重要，与没有问题的城镇相比，有一个报告水质问题的城镇的地表水获取量增加了 17%。我们的研究提供了一种潜在的方法，可以使用水点测绘数据来确定需要改善供水的社区，以降低血吸虫病风险。
Populations with poor access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) infrastructure are disproportionately affected by the neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). As a result, WASH has gained increasing prominence in integrated control and elimination of NTDs, including schistosomiasis. In order to identify underserved populations, relevant measures of access to WASH infrastructure at sub–national or local levels are needed. We conducted a field survey of all public water sources in 74 rural communities in the Eastern Region of Ghana and computed indicators of water access using two methods: one based on the design capacity and another on the spatial distribution of water sources. The spatial method was applied to improved and surface water sources. According to the spatial method, improved water sources in the study area were well–distributed within communities with 95% (CI95%: 91, 98) of the population having access within 500 m when all, and 87% (CI95%: 81, 93) when only functional water sources were considered. According to the design capacity–based method, indicator values were lower: 63% (CI95%: 57, 69) for all and 49% (CI95%: 43, 55) for only functional sources. Surface water access was substantial with 62% (CI95%: 54, 71) of the population located within 500 m of a perennial surface water source. A negative relationship was observed between functional improved water access and surface water access within 300 m. In this context, perceived water quality of the improved sources was also important, with a 17% increase in surface water access in towns with one reported water quality problem as compared to towns with no problems. Our study offers a potential methodology to use water point mapping data to identify communities in need of improved water access to achieve schistosomiasis risk reduction.