Membrane Fluidity and Diffusive Transport
Membrane Fluidity and Diffusive Transport
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膜流动性和扩散传输
DOI：
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发表时间：
1989
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Eisinger
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Eisinger
流体镶嵌模型（Singer和Nicolson，1972）不仅提供了膜的基本结构的图像，而且还暗示了其组成部分的某些动态特性。因此，双层的脂质受到布朗运动的影响，这赋予它们旋转和平移的流动性。对于那些不附着在细胞骨架上的蛋白质也是如此，尽管它们的移动性要小得多。在过去的几年中，相当大的努力已经进入到测量的旋转和平移迁移率的脂质类似物探针和膜蛋白，在模型系统中，以及在生物膜。已经清楚的是，膜组分的横向流动性不仅提供了二维液体流动性的有趣证明，而且它在细胞膜的各种功能中起着重要作用。例如，已知膜受体在膜的某些小区域（包被的小凹）中迁移和聚集，并且线粒体膜中细胞色素之间的电子传递似乎是扩散限制的（Hackenbrock等人，1986年）。Axelrod（1983）最近对这些和其他与膜成分的横向移动有关的细胞功能进行了综述。
The fluid mosaic model (Singer and Nicolson, 1972) provides not only a picture of the basic structure of membranes but also implies certain dynamic characteristics of its components. Thus the lipids of the bilayer are subject to Brownian motion which endows them with rotational and translational mobility. The same is true of those proteins which are not attached to the cytoskeleton, although their mobility is much smaller. In the last few years, considerable effort has gone into the measurement of the rotational and translational mobilities of both lipid analogue probes and of membrane proteins, in model systems, as well as in biological membranes. It has become clear that the lateral mobility of membrane components not only provides an interesting demonstration of the fluidity of a two-dimensional liquid, but that it plays an important role in various functions of the cell membrane. For example, membrane receptors are known to migrate and aggregate in certain small regions of the membrane (coated pits), and the electron transport between cytochromes in the mitochondrial membrane appears to be diffusion-limited (Hackenbrock et al., 1986). These and other cellular functions related to the lateral mobility of membrane components have recently been reviewed by Axelrod (1983).