Next-generation seismic experiments – II: wide-angle, multi-azimuth, 3-D, full-waveform inversion of sparse field data
Next-generation seismic experiments – II: wide-angle, multi-azimuth, 3-D, full-waveform inversion of sparse field data
复制标题
下一代地震实验≫二：稀疏场数据的广角、多方位、三维、全波形反演
DOI：
10.1093/gji/ggv513
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Wilcock, William
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Morgan, Joanna;Warner, Michael;Arnoux, Gillean;Hooft, Emilie;Toomey, Douglas;VanderBeek, Brandon;Wilcock, William
三维全波形反演（FWI）是一种先进的地震成像技术，已被石油和天然气行业广泛采用，以获得高保真的纵波速度模型，从而改善储层的偏移图像。大多数工业应用的三维FWI对声波场进行建模，通常考虑各向异性的运动学影响，并侧重于匹配早期到达折射的低频分量，这是最敏感的顶波速度结构。在这里，我们采用了相同的方法，将三维声学各向异性FWI应用于太平洋东北部奋进海洋扩展中心的海底地震仪（OBS）现场数据集。从走时层析成像中获得了纵波速度和各向异性的初始模型；在FWI期间，速度更新，而各向异性保持不变。我们证明，对于奋进号油田的数据集，3d FWI能够恢复精细尺度的速度结构，其分辨率是传统走时层析成像的2-4倍。采用了质量保证程序来监测工作流程的每一步；这些都是耗时的，但对于开发成功的反转策略至关重要。最后，进行了一组棋盘测试，结果表明，如果采用比通常的学术实验更密集的射孔和接收器间距进行三维测量，则可以获得FWI的全部潜在分辨率。我们预计，这一令人兴奋的发展将鼓励未来对地球科学目标的地震调查，这将受益于3-D FWI提供的高分辨率。
3-D full-waveform inversion (FWI) is an advanced seismic imaging technique that has been widely adopted by the oil and gas industry to obtain high-fidelity models ofP-wave velocity that lead to improvements in migrated images of the reservoir. Most industrial applications of 3-D FWI model the acoustic wavefield, often account for the kinematic effect of anisotropy, and focus on matching the low-frequency component of the early arriving refractions that are most sensitive toP-wave velocity structure. Here, we have adopted the same approach in an application of 3-D acoustic, anisotropic FWI to an ocean-bottom-seismometer (OBS) field data set acquired across the Endeavour oceanic spreading centre in the northeastern Pacific. Starting models forP-wave velocity and anisotropy were obtained from traveltime tomography; during FWI, velocity is updated whereas anisotropy is kept fixed. We demonstrate that, for the Endeavour field data set, 3-D FWI is able to recover fine-scale velocity structure with a resolution that is 2–4 times better than conventional traveltime tomography. Quality assurance procedures have been employed to monitor each step of the workflow; these are time consuming but critical to the development of a successful inversion strategy. Finally, a suite of checkerboard tests has been performed which shows that the full potential resolution of FWI can be obtained if we acquire a 3-D survey with a slightly denser shot and receiver spacing than is usual for an academic experiment. We anticipate that this exciting development will encourage future seismic investigations of earth science targets that would benefit from the superior resolution offered by 3-D FWI.