Microglia in Health and Disease
Microglia in Health and Disease
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DOI：
10.1101/cshperspect.a020560
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
El Khoury, Joseph
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ransohoff, Richard M.;El Khoury, Joseph
小胶质细胞是中枢神经系统（CNS）的主要髓系细胞，参与多种中枢神经系统疾病的生理过程和发病机制。自20世纪初对小胶质细胞的初步描述以来，我们识别和分离小胶质细胞的能力有了显著提高，新的研究正在深入了解这些细胞在疾病和健康状态下的功能。在这里，我们回顾了我们对小胶质细胞在中枢神经系统生理和病理过程中的作用的理解的最新进展，重点是多发性硬化症和阿尔茨海默病。鉴于CX3CR1及其配体fractalkine在这些进展中所起的突出作用，我们从CX3CR1 fractalkine的角度来探讨小胶质细胞的生理和病理作用，提供了一个独特的观点。基于最近对小胶质细胞分子谱的研究，我们也提出了一个小胶质细胞的分子和功能定义，其中包含了近年来归因于这些细胞的特性。
Microglia, the major myeloid cells of the central nervous system (CNS) are implicated in physiologic processes and in the pathogenesis of several CNS disorders. Since their initial description early in the 20th century, our ability to identify and isolate microglia has significantly improved and new research is providing insight into the functions of these cells in sickness and in health. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of the role of microglia in physiological and pathological processes of the CNS with a focus on multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. Because of the prominent roles CX3CR1 and its ligand fractalkine played in bringing about these advances, we discuss the physiological and pathological roles of microglia as viewed from the CX3CR1-fractalkine perspective, providing a unique viewpoint. Based on the most recent studies of molecular profiling of microglia, we also propose a molecular and functional definition of microglia that incorporates the properties attributed to these cells in recent years.