Family Policies and Female Employment in Japan
Family Policies and Female Employment in Japan
复制标题
日本的家庭政策和女性就业
DOI：
10.1111/jere.12136
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Shintaro Yamaguchi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shintaro Yamaguchi
本文通过回顾有关日本的国际证据和最新论文，探讨育儿和育儿假政策对女性就业的影响。这些论文通过利用政策变化来估计政策的因果效应，这是一种比以前的观察性研究更可信的识别策略。有关育儿假的文献发现，更慷慨的休假方案往往会推迟母亲重返工作岗位，但从中长期来看，这不会对母亲的劳动力供应产生不利影响。一些论文还发现，一年左右的工作保障可以增加母亲的就业，但更长的工作保障几乎没有额外的影响。关于育儿政策的文献发现，产妇就业并不一定增加，因为育儿范围的扩大可能会排挤非正式的育儿安排，例如由祖父母提供的照料。最近关于日本的论文的研究结果与国际证据基本一致。
This paper discusses how childcare and parental leave policies affect female employment by reviewing the international evidence and recent papers on Japan. These papers estimate causal effects of policies by exploiting policy changes, which is a more credible identification strategy than earlier observational studies. The literature on parental leave finds that a more generous leave package tends to delay mothers' return to work, but it does not have detrimental effects on maternal labor supply in the medium to long run. Some papers also find that job protection around one year can increase maternal employment, but longer job protection has little additional effects. The literature on childcare policies finds that maternal employment does not necessarily increase, because the expansion of childcare may crowd out informal childcare arrangements, such as care provided by grandparents. Findings by recent papers on Japan are largely consistent with the international evidence.