COEVOLUTION OF PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY IN PREDATOR AND PREY: WHY ARE INDUCIBLE OFFENSES RARER THAN INDUCIBLE DEFENSES?
COEVOLUTION OF PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY IN PREDATOR AND PREY: WHY ARE INDUCIBLE OFFENSES RARER THAN INDUCIBLE DEFENSES?
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1558-5646.2010.01187.x
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发表时间：
2011-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Iwasa, Yoh
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mougi, Akihiko;Kishida, Osamu;Iwasa, Yoh
猎物的诱导防御和捕食者的诱导进攻是由猎物和捕食者之间的相互作用激活的剧烈表型变化。诱导防御发生在许多类群中，并且比诱导进攻发生得更频繁。最近的实证研究报告了捕食者和猎物的相互表型变化。在这里，我们模拟了猎物和捕食者的诱导可塑性的共同进化，并研究了诱导可塑性的进化动力学如何影响捕食者-猎物系统的种群动态。在较宽的参数值范围内，具有攻击性表型的捕食者比例小于具有防御性表型的猎物比例，并且在进化终点处攻击水平相对低于防御水平。我们的模型还预测，当捕食成功敏感地取决于两个物种之间诱导性状值的差异时，诱导可塑性会在两个物种中进化。相互表型可塑性可能在自然界中广泛存在，但可能被实地研究所忽视，因为攻击性表型很少且不引人注目。
Inducible defenses of prey and inducible offenses of predators are drastic phenotypic changes activated by the interaction between a prey and predator. Inducible defenses occur in many taxa and occur more frequently than inducible offenses. Recent empirical studies have reported reciprocal phenotypic changes in both predator and prey. Here, we model the coevolution of inducible plasticity in both prey and predator, and examine how the evolutionary dynamics of inducible plasticity affect the population dynamics of a predator-prey system. Under a broad range of parameter values, the proportion of predators with an offensive phenotype is smaller than the proportion of prey with a defensive phenotype, and the offense level is relatively lower than the defense level at evolutionary end points. Our model also predicts that inducible plasticity evolves in both species when predation success depends sensitively on the difference in the inducible trait value between the two species. Reciprocal phenotypic plasticity may be widespread in nature but may have been overlooked by field studies because offensive phenotypes are rare and inconspicuous.