Estimation of causal effect using propensity score and weighted-average method

Estimation of causal effect using propensity score and weighted-average method
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使用倾向评分和加权平均法估计因果效应

DOI:
10.1016/j.procs.2020.09.076
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
Procedia Computer Science
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Yadohisa Hiroshi
Yadohisa Hiroshi
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Otani Ryo;Yadohisa Hiroshi

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虽然许多研究集中于因果变量和结果变量之间的因果关系,但变量之间的关系并不一定只适用于两个关于因果的变量。因此,试图从经验上确定原因对结果的影响需要去除尽可能多的同时影响原因和结果的混淆。原因对结果的影响可以通过加权平均方法进行经验分析,其中使用混淆来估计倾向分数。一种典型的加权平均方法是逆概率加权(IPW)估计器。然而,IPW估计器有两个问题:当倾向分数估计模型不正确时,因果效应的估计是有偏差的(问题1),估计容易受到极端倾向分数的影响(问题2)。双重稳健(DR)估计器和重叠加权(OW)估计器分别被提出用于解决问题1和2。然而,DR估计器不能解决问题1,OW估计器不能解决问题2。因此,本研究使用倾向分数和加权平均方法,比较了DR和OW估计器,并提出了一个新的估计量来解决问题1和2。本研究通过模拟的方式证实了所提出方法的有效性,并将其应用于实际数据以验证结果的相关性。
Although many studies focus on causal relationships in causal and consequential variables, relationships between variables do not necessarily hold for only two variables regarding cause and effect. Thus, attempting to determine the effect of the cause on a result empirically requires the removal of as many confoundings as possible that affect both the cause and the result.The effect of a cause on an outcome without the effects of the confoundings can be empirically analyzed via the weighted average method where propensity scores are estimated using confoundings. A typical weighted average method is the inverse probability weights (IPW) estimator. However, the IPW estimator has two problems: the estimation of causal effects is biased when the propensity score estimation model is not correct (Problem 1), and the estimation is susceptible to extreme propensity scores (Problem 2). The doubly robust (DR) estimator and the overlap weighting (OW) estimator have been proposed to address problems 1 and 2, respectively. However, the DR estimator cannot address problem 1, and the OW estimator cannot address problem 2. Hence, using the propensity score and weighted-average method, this study compares the DR and OW estimators and proposes a new estimator to solve problems 1 and 2. This study confirms the usefulness of the proposed method by means of a simulation and applies it to real data to ground the relevance of the findings.
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