Digital-Based Engineering Tools for Tailored Design of Medical Implants
Digital-Based Engineering Tools for Tailored Design of Medical Implants
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-319-09411-3_77
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
R. Neto;T. Marques;M. Marta;Nuno Leal;M. Couto;M. Machado
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Neto;T. Marques;M. Marta;Nuno Leal;M. Couto;M. Machado
随着医学和外科治疗的进步以及用于支持手术的计算工具和技术辅助的增加，术前规划变得更加重要和必要。该技术依赖于数字化工具，帮助临床医生选择植入物，定义其确切位置并建立手术任务大纲。使用这些计算方法，还可以设计针对特定患者或临床情况的医疗植入物。在这项工作中，提出了一种术前规划和设计患者特定植入物的三步方法，即（i）数据采集和三维重建，（ii）三维建模和（iii）植入物设计。两个不同的案例研究被认为是。前者包括股骨远端的三重骨折，是第二个与癌症切除手术导致的颌面畸形相关的病例研究。为了预验证种植体设计，塑料原型制造使用SL-立体光刻技术。植入物的定制设计导致其生物功能的增强，因为这种新型植入物适当地适应了现有的医疗需求。此外，植入物定制允许其正确放置，促进其固定和寿命。在接骨术的情况下，个性化设计避免了在手术期间使接骨板变形以适应患者解剖结构的需要。
With the advances in medicine and surgical treatments and the increase of computational tools and technical aids for supporting surgery, preoperative planning has become even more important and required. This technology relies upon digital tools and helps the clinicians to select the implant, to define its exact location and to establish a task outline for the surgery. Using these computational methods, it is also possible to design medical implants targeting a specific patient or clinical scenario. In this work, a three-step methodology for preoperative planning and design patient-specific implants is presented, namely (i) data acquisition and 3-D reconstruction, (ii) 3-D modelling and (iii) implant design. Two distinct case-studies are considered. The former consisted of a triple fracture of the distal femur, being the second case-study related to a maxillofacial deformity due to cancer removal surgery. For sake of pre-validation of the implant design, plastic prototypes were fabricated by using SL-stereolithography techniques. A tailored design of an implant leads to an enhancement on its biofunctionality, as this novel implant properly fits the extant medical need. Furthermore, the implant customization allows for its correct placement, promoting its fixation and longevity. In cases of osteosynthesis, a personalised design avoids the need of deforming the plates during surgery to fit patient’s anatomy.