Plasmodium vivax-like genome sequences shed new insights into Plasmodium vivax biology and evolution
Plasmodium vivax-like genome sequences shed new insights into Plasmodium vivax biology and evolution
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pbio.2006035
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发表时间：
2018-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Rougeron, Virginie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gilabert, Aude;Otto, Thomas D.;Rougeron, Virginie
虽然间日疟原虫是非洲以外的大多数疟疾感染的原因，但人们对其进化和传播途径知之甚少。它最近的遗传亲戚，P. vivax like，在非洲大猿中发现，并假设在人类中引起了P. vivax。为了揭示间日疟原虫的进化历史和对不同宿主环境的适应，我们使用长和短读段序列技术生成了2个新的间日疟原虫样参考基因组和9个额外的间日疟原虫样基因型。分析表明，间日疟原虫和类间日疟原虫的基因组高度相似，在核心区域内共线性。系统发育分析清楚地表明，间日疟原虫类寄生虫与间日疟原虫形成了一个遗传上不同的分支。关于相对分歧约会，我们表明，在人类中的间日疟原虫的进化并没有发生在同一时间的其他代理人的人类疟疾，从而表明疟原虫寄生虫转移到人类发生了几次独立的人属的历史。我们进一步确定了几个关键基因，表现出积极的选择签名专门在人类间日疟原虫。这些基因中的两个已被鉴定为在另一种主要的人类疟疾病原体恶性疟原虫中也处于正选择下，从而表明它们在这些寄生虫感染人类或其嗜亲性载体的能力的进化中起关键作用。最后，我们证明了一些对红细胞（RBC）入侵（这些寄生虫生命周期的关键步骤）重要的基因家族在人类寄生虫中经历了谱系特异性进化（例如，网织红细胞结合蛋白[RBP]）。
Although Plasmodium vivax is responsible for the majority of malaria infections outside Africa, little is known about its evolution and pathway to humans. Its closest genetic relative, P. vivax-like, was discovered in African great apes and is hypothesized to have given rise to P. vivax in humans. To unravel the evolutionary history and adaptation of P. vivax to different host environments, we generated using long- and short-read sequence technologies 2 new P. vivax-like reference genomes and 9 additional P. vivax-like genotypes. Analyses show that the genomes of P. vivax and P. vivax-like are highly similar and colinear within the core regions. Phylogenetic analyses clearly show that P. vivax-like parasites form a genetically distinct clade from P. vivax. Concerning the relative divergence dating, we show that the evolution of P. vivax in humans did not occur at the same time as the other agents of human malaria, thus suggesting that the transfer of Plasmodium parasites to humans happened several times independently over the history of the Homo genus. We further identify several key genes that exhibit signatures of positive selection exclusively in the human P. vivax parasites. Two of these genes have been identified to also be under positive selection in the other main human malaria agent, P. falciparum, thus suggesting their key role in the evolution of the ability of these parasites to infect humans or their anthropophilic vectors. Finally, we demonstrate that some gene families important for red blood cell (RBC) invasion (a key step of the life cycle of these parasites) have undergone lineage-specific evolution in the human parasite (e.g., reticulocyte-binding proteins [RBPs]).