Living benthic foraminifera: biogeographical distributions and the significance of rare morphospecies
Living benthic foraminifera: biogeographical distributions and the significance of rare morphospecies
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活的底栖有孔虫：生物地理分布和稀有形态种的意义
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发表时间：
2013
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通讯作者：
J. Murray
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文献类型：
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作者：
J. Murray
以前的研究已经调查了区域分布，但这是第一次尝试调查全球的生活/染色较小的底栖有孔虫的个体形态种的地理分布。从1952年至2011年收集的8032个样本中，收集了从沼泽到深海的五个主要环境中超过120个物种的相对丰度数据。共有六组物种，丰度从非常高（第1组）到极低（第6组）不等。在后一种物种中，丰度从未达到一个组合的10%，在许多情况下，只有1 - 2%。个别物种被证明占据一系列的环境，很少被限制在一个单一的环境（通常是沼泽或深海）。有些物种出现在几个海洋中，而另一些物种仅限于一个海洋。物种丰度与其分布的广泛性或狭窄性之间没有相关性。小孢子是最可能的传播机制，但一些分布范围狭窄的物种可能不会产生它们。通才可能广泛或狭窄地分布，但机会可能广泛分布。第6组的稀有物种有助于大陆架和深海组合的高度多样性。这些物种可能会适应小的差异引起的干扰和零星的食物供应的微生境。植物地理学的模式在生态学、古生态学和分类学上有应用。补充材料：分类和类型的详细信息; Murray（2006）数据来源（N1-N55）;图4 - 95以及其他凝集和透明分类群的数据来源可在www.example.com上获得
Previous studies have investigated regional distribution but this is the first attempt to investigate the global biogeographical distribution of individual morphospecies of living/stained smaller benthic foraminifera. From 8032 samples collected between 1952 and 2011 data have been gathered on the relative abundance of >120 species in five major environments ranging from marsh to deep sea. There is a spectrum of six groups of species with abundance ranging from very high (Group 1) to extremely low (Group 6). In the latter species abundance never reaches 10% of an assemblage and, in many cases, it is only 1–2%. Individual species are shown to occupy a range of environments with very few being confined to a single environment (usually either marsh or deep sea). Some species occur in several oceans while others are confined to just one. There is no correlation between species abundance and being either widely or narrowly distributed. Propagules are the most likely mechanism of dispersal but some narrowly distributed species may not produce them. Generalists may be widely or narrowly distributed but opportunists are likely to be widely distributed. The rare species of Group 6 contribute to high diversity in shelf and deep-sea assemblages. These species may be adapted to minor differences in microhabitats induced by disturbance and patchy food supply. Patterns of biogeography have application to ecology, palaeoecology and taxonomy. Supplementary Material: Taxonomy and details of types; sources of data (N1–N55) additional to that of Murray (2006); and sources of data for Figures 4–95 plus other agglutinated and hyaline taxa are available at www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18576