The changing pace of insular life: 5000 years of microevolution in the Orkney vole (Microtus arvalis orcadensis).
The changing pace of insular life: 5000 years of microevolution in the Orkney vole (Microtus arvalis orcadensis).
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DOI：
10.1111/evo.12476
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发表时间：
2014-10
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Dobney KM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cucchi T;Barnett R;Martínková N;Renaud S;Renvoisé E;Evin A;Sheridan A;Mainland I;Wickham-Jones C;Tougard C;Quéré JP;Pascal M;Pascal M;Heckel G;O'Higgins P;Searle JB;Dobney KM
岛屿演化可能会包括快速的初始形态分化和随后的停滞。我们用大约5000年前从欧洲大陆引入苏格兰奥克尼群岛的现代和古代普通田鼠(Microtus Arvalis)的牙齿表型来测试这个模型。首先，我们调查了奥克尼和欧洲大陆种群的表型差异，并评估了气候影响。其次，根据地理、时间和中性遗传模式对奥克尼种群之间的表型分化进行了测试。最后，我们考察了奥克尼大陆沿时间序列的进化变化。Orkney田鼠在引入后，磨牙巨大症和前叶肥大迅速演变，没有发现任何过渡形式。创始人的事件和适应似乎解释了这种最初的快速演变。奥克尼田鼠不同岛屿种群之间牙齿特征的特殊性也可能是新石器时代在群岛周围迁移后发生的当地创始人事件的结果。然而，与我们最初的预期相反，第二次明显的表型转变发生在公元4世纪和12世纪之间，与田园耕作的增加以及竞争对手(老鼠和大鼠)和陆地捕食者(狐狸和猫)的引入有关。这些结果表明，在岛状啮齿动物中，人类的代理可以产生比预期更复杂的形态进化模式。
Island evolution may be expected to involve fast initial morphological divergence followed by stasis. We tested this model using the dental phenotype of modern and ancient common voles (Microtus arvalis), introduced onto the Orkney archipelago (Scotland) from continental Europe some 5000 years ago. First, we investigated phenotypic divergence of Orkney and continental European populations and assessed climatic influences. Second, phenotypic differentiation among Orkney populations was tested against geography, time, and neutral genetic patterns. Finally, we examined evolutionary change along a time series for the Orkney Mainland. Molar gigantism and anterior‐lobe hypertrophy evolved rapidly in Orkney voles following introduction, without any transitional forms detected. Founder events and adaptation appear to explain this initial rapid evolution. Idiosyncrasy in dental features among different island populations of Orkney voles is also likely the result of local founder events following Neolithic translocation around the archipelago. However, against our initial expectations, a second marked phenotypic shift occurred between the 4th and 12th centuries AD, associated with increased pastoral farming and introduction of competitors (mice and rats) and terrestrial predators (foxes and cats). These results indicate that human agency can generate a more complex pattern of morphological evolution than might be expected in island rodents.