Advances in molecular diagnostics for Mycobacterium bovis
Advances in molecular diagnostics for Mycobacterium bovis
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DOI：
10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.02.019
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发表时间：
2011-07-05
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Collins, Desmond M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Collins, Desmond M.
牛结核病的两种最重要的分子诊断技术是聚合酶链反应（PCR），因为它可以快速确定感染，和DNA菌株分型，因为它能够回答重要的流行病学问题。通过PCR技术的最新进展，牛分枝杆菌的PCR测试已经得到改进，但仍然缺乏良好培养方法的灵敏度，并且在某些情况下容易给出假阴性和假阳性结果。因此，PCR通常不能取代培养，但用于提供快速的初步结果。M.通过限制性内切核酸酶分析（REA）的牛分离物是25年前在新西兰开发的，并且仍然是新西兰控制方案中的重要工具，其中分型结果与其他信息相结合以确定大的和昂贵的负鼠中毒操作。一系列其他的为M.牛在1990年代曾协助一些国家进行流行病学调查，但现在已不那么常用。可变数目串联重复序列（VNTR）分型和spoligotyping，无论是单独或一起，现在已经成为首选的方法，因为它们是强大的，并服从电子分析和比较。Spoligotyping只能提供中等的区分度，但可以很容易地应用于大量的分离株，VNTR分型提供了更好的区分比所有其他方法，除了REA。虽然目前的分型技术足以满足大多数流行病学目的，但在不久的将来可能会有更多的区分方法。(C)2011爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
The two most important molecular diagnostic techniques for bovine tuberculosis are the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) because of its rapid determination of infection, and DNA strain typing because of its ability to answer important epidemiological questions. PCR tests for Mycobacterium bovis have been improved through recent advances in PCR technology, but still lack the sensitivity of good culture methods, and in some situations are susceptible to giving both false negative and false positive results. Therefore, PCR does not usually replace the need for culture, but is used to provide fast preliminary results. DNA typing of M. bovis isolates by restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) was developed 25 years ago in New Zealand, and remains an important tool in the New Zealand control scheme, where the typing results are combined with other information to determine large and expensive possum poisoning operations. A range of other DNA typing systems developed for M. bovis in the 1990s have assisted epidemiological investigations in some countries but are now less commonly used. Variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) typing and spoligotyping, either alone or together, have now become the preferred approaches as they are robust and amenable to electronic analysis and comparison. Spoligotyping gives only moderate discrimination but can be easily applied to large numbers of isolates, and VNTR typing provides better discrimination than all other methods except for REA. While the current typing techniques are sufficient for most epidemiological purposes, more discriminating methods are likely to become available in the near future. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.