Effects of genotypic and phenotypic variation on establishment are important for conservation, invasion, and infection biology
Effects of genotypic and phenotypic variation on establishment are important for conservation, invasion, and infection biology
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1317745111
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发表时间：
2014-01-07
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Forsman, Anders
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Forsman, Anders
有充分的证据表明，在新环境中成功建立的可能性随着创建群体中的个体数量和重复介绍的数量而增加。理论认为，个体之间的基因型和表型变异也应该是重要的，但很少有研究考察奠基者多样性是否独立于繁殖体压力影响建立，以及这种影响是否依赖于模型或环境。我总结了18项实验研究的结果，并报告了一项荟萃分析，该分析提供了强有力的证据，证明创始人群体中较高水平的基因型和表型多样性增加了植物和动物的建立成功率。在野外自然条件下进行的实验中，多样性的影响比在半自然或标准化的实验室条件下进行的实验更强。认识到遗传和表型变异是成功建立的关键，可能会改善用于振兴或恢复衰退和灭绝种群的再引入和易位计划的结果。创始者多样性还可能提高入侵物种在其原生群落之外的环境中建立和随后传播的能力，并增强病原体和寄生虫在其宿主构成的环境中定殖和入侵的能力。作者认为，在不同背景下，对企业多样性的作用进行思想、方法和见解的交流，可以进一步增进我们的知识，为未来的研究注入活力，并改善不同学科的管理计划。
There is abundant evidence that the probability of successful establishment in novel environments increases with number of individuals in founder groups and with number of repeated introductions. Theory posits that the genotypic and phenotypic variation among individuals should also be important, but few studies have examined whether founder diversity influences establishment independent of propagule pressure, nor whether the effect is model or context dependent. I summarize the results of 18 experimental studies and report on a metaanalysis that provides strong evidence that higher levels of genotypic and phenotypic diversity in founder groups increase establishment success in plants and animals. The effect of diversity is stronger in experiments carried out under natural conditions in the wild than under seminatural or standardized laboratory conditions. The realization that genetic and phenotypic variation is key to successful establishment may improve the outcome of reintroduction and translocation programs used to vitalize or restore declining and extinct populations. Founder diversity may also improve the ability of invasive species to establish and subsequently spread in environments outside of their native community, and enhance the ability of pathogens and parasites to colonize and invade the environment constituted by their hosts. It is argued that exchange of ideas, methodological approaches, and insights of the role of diversity for establishment in different contexts may further our knowledge, vitalize future research, and improve management plans in different disciplines.