Legumes: Importance and constraints to greater use
Legumes: Importance and constraints to greater use
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DOI：
10.1104/pp.017004
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发表时间：
2003-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Vance, CP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Graham, PH;Vance, CP
豆科植物的广义定义是其不寻常的花结构、结荚果实以及迄今为止所研究的88%的物种与根瘤菌形成根瘤的能力(de Faria等人，1989)，在其对人类的重要性上仅次于禾本科植物。670到750属和18,000到19,000种豆科植物(PolHill等人，1981)包括重要的谷物、牧场和农林复合物种。Cohen(1977；Bryan[2000]引用)报告了在伊朗的一个地点驯化小扁豆(Lens Esculenta)的情况，该地点可以追溯到公元前9,500到8,000年；Roosevelt等人(1996)指出，在亚马逊史前，膜状菌被用作食物来源。美洲和亚洲的主食作物--菜豆和大豆分别在3000多年前被驯化(Hymowitz和Singh，1987；Kaplan和Lynch，1999)。在牧场和土壤改良中使用豆类可以追溯到罗马人，瓦罗(公元前37年；弗雷德等人引用了[1932])指出，豆类应该种植在轻质土壤中，与其说是为了它们自己的作物，不如说是为了它们对后续作物的好处。本文简要综述了豆科植物及其在不同农业和自然环境中的重要性。
Legumes, broadly defined by their unusual flower structure, podded fruit, and the ability of 88% of the species examined to date to form nodules with rhizobia (de Faria et al., 1989), are second only to the Graminiae in their importance to humans. The 670 to 750 genera and 18,000 to 19,000 species of legumes (Polhill et al., 1981) include important grain, pasture, and agroforestry species. Cohen (1977; cited by Bryan [2000]) reported domestication of lentils (Lens esculenta) at a site in Iran dating to 9,500 to 8,000 BP; Roosevelt et al.(1996) noted the use of Hymenaea as a food source in Amazonian prehistory. Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and soybean (Glycine max), staple crops in the Americas and Asia, respectively, were each domesticated more than 3,000 years ago (Hymowitz and Singh, 1987; Kaplan and Lynch, 1999). Use of legumes in pastures and for soil improvement dates back to the Romans, with Varro (37 BC; cited by Fred et al.[1932]) noting “Legumes should be planted in light soils, not so much for their own crops as for the good they do to subsequent crops.” This paper briefly overviews the legumes and their importance in different agricultural and natural environments.