Human population as a key driver of biochemical burden in an inter-city system: Implications for One Health concept
Human population as a key driver of biochemical burden in an inter-city system: Implications for One Health concept
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127882
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发表时间：
2022-02-24
影响因子：
13.6
通讯作者：
Barden, Ruth
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kasprzyk-Hordern, Barbara;Proctor, Kathryn;Barden, Ruth
本文检验了一个假设，即人口和城市功能是城市间系统中生化负担的关键驱动因素，它可以用来通知一个健康行动，因为它可以在一个单一的模型中全面了解城市的新陈代谢，包括城市的所有活动：从生活方式的选择，到健康状况和接触有害化学品以及实施的管理策略的有效性。对废水进行化学开采，以获得生物化学指标（BCIs），以了解BCIs在地理和社区范围内的社会经济因素背景下的形态。在所研究的城市间系统的化学和生物目标群体的时空变异性进行了观察。观察到大多数BCI与群体大小之间的线性关系（R-2 > 0.99）和强正相关（r > 0.998，p < 0.001），这为群体大小作为BCI负担的驱动因素提供了强有力的证据。与人口规模密切相关且与人类功能内在相关的BCI组主要包括与长期非传染性疾病（NSAID，镇痛药，心血管，心理健康和抗癫痫药）和生活方式化学品有关的高使用率药物。这些BCI可以用作群体大小标记。由于特定城市的功能（例如工业存在和职业接触或农业）而产生的BCI组，因此与人口规模无关，包括：杀虫剂，PCP和工业化学品。这些BCI可用于评估城市的功能，如职业暴露，环境或食物暴露，并作为社区范围内的健康代理。这项研究证实了抗生素（AB），种群规模和抗生素耐药基因（ARG）之间的强正相关性。这证实了人群规模和AB使用是AB和ARG水平的主要驱动因素，并为旨在减少AB使用以降低AMR的干预措施提供了机会。需要对环境的生物农药化学指纹（BCI负担）进行全面评估，并对受测社区的社会经济指纹（指数）进行数据三角测量，以充分接受“一个健康”概念。
This paper tests the hypothesis that human population and city function are key drivers of biochemical burden in an inter-city system, which can be used to inform One Health actions as it enables a holistic understanding of city's metabolism encompassing all of the activities of a city in a single model: from lifestyle choices, through to health status and exposure to harmful chemicals as well as effectiveness of implemented management strategies. Chemical mining of wastewater for biophysico-chemical indicators (BCIs) was undertaken to understand speciation of BCIs in the context of geographical as well as community-wide socioeconomic factors. Spatiotemporal variabilities in chemical and biological target groups in the studied inter-city system were observed. A linear relationship (R-2 > 0.99) and a strong positive correlation between most BCIs and population size (r > 0.998, p < 0.001) were observed which provides a strong evidence for the population size as a driver of BCI burden. BCI groups that are strongly correlated with population size and are intrinsic to humans' function include mostly high usage pharmaceuticals that are linked with long term non-communicable conditions (NSAIDs, analgesics, cardiovascular, mental health and antiepileptics) and lifestyle chemicals. These BCIs can be used as population size markers. BCIs groups that are produced as a result of a specific city's function (e.g. industry presence and occupational exposure or agriculture) and as such are not correlated with population size include: pesticides, PCPs and industrial chemicals. These BCIs can be used to assess city's function, such as occupational exposure, environmental or food exposure, and as a proxy of community-wide health. This study confirmed a strong positive correlation between antibiotics (ABs), population size and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). This confirms the population size and AB usage as the main driver of AB and ARG levels and provides an opportunity for interventions aimed at the reduction of AB usage to reduce AMR. Holistic evaluation of biophysicochemical fingerprints (BCI burden) of the environment and data triangulation with socioeconomic fingerprints (indices) of tested communities are required to fully embrace One Health concept.