Human breast development
Human breast development
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DOI：
10.1023/a:1026487120779
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发表时间：
2000-04-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Gusterson, BA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Howard, BA;Gusterson, BA
这篇综述介绍了人类乳房正常生理状态的组织学图谱，包括产前、青春期前和青春期发育、成人静息腺、妊娠、哺乳和复旧后。目的是对成人的主要发育阶段和被认为在正常范围内的常见发现进行图示概述。与近交系动物不同，人类的导管和小叶发育的时间顺序显然是不可预测的，无论是在胎儿、婴儿、青春期前后的乳房还是成人中。这可能是由于子宫内和出生后激素水平的个体差异所致。对于许多发育时间点，可用的数据非常少。在这篇综述中，我们指出了人类乳房发育的当前知识状况以及与主要动物模型啮齿动物的一些主要异同。描述了生长和发育的主要阶段，并附有代表每个阶段的照片。由于文献中存在混乱，因此需要强调术语。本文是作为乳腺癌配套评论的附件而写的。
This review presents an atlas of the histology of the normal physiological states of the human breast including prenatal, prepubertal, and pubertal development, adult resting gland, pregnancy, lactation, and postinvolution. The aim is to produce a pictorial overview of the main stages in development and the common findings in the adult that are considered to be within the range of normality. Unlike inbred strains of animals, in humans it is clear that the chronology of ductal and lobular development is not predictable, either in the fetus, the infant, the peripubertal breast, or the adult. This is probably due to the individual variation in hormone levels both in utero and after birth. For many of the developmental time points there are very little data available. In this review we indicate the current state of knowledge of human breast development and some of the main similarities and differences with the rodent, the main animal model. The major phases of growth and development are described and accompanied by photographs that are representative of each stage. Stress is placed on terminology as there is confusion in the literature. This article is written as an accessory to the companion review on breast cancer.