Scenes from El Alto: Indigenous Youth Visions for Urban Bolivia
Scenes from El Alto: Indigenous Youth Visions for Urban Bolivia
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埃尔阿尔托的场景：玻利维亚城市土著青年的愿景
DOI：
10.1162/00c13b77.325ea8f8
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
0.7
通讯作者：
Casagrande O
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Casagrande O
本文从拉丁美洲城市土著青年的角度对土著规划的辩论作出了贡献。它特别关注玻利维亚，这是一个在2009年宪法中以促进土著权利、后新自由主义发展和非殖民化而闻名的国家。然而，迄今为止的研究突出了法律修辞和规划实践之间的差距，强调政府当局如何继续再现西班牙的殖民想象，例如，将城市--尽管城市是以年轻人为主的自我认同的土著人口的家园--视为非土著空间。除了被剥夺土著权利和遭受歧视外，城市土著青年目前还面临着因全球流行病而加剧的国内危机。尽管教育水平很高，但他们缺乏社会经济机会。年轻的土著妇女也不成比例地受到家庭内暴力和性骚扰的影响。然而，城市土著青年并没有失去希望。我们认为，土著青年代表着他们自己生活的规划者，他们用自己的未来想象力面对困难。我们利用与埃尔阿尔托市不同土著运动和集体组织的四名年轻艾马拉妇女的合作研究，与她们一起部署了参与式视频制作-一种结合了流行教育、纪实小说和视觉人类学见解的方法。我们展示了土著青年如何通过运用特定的城市艾马拉电影制作美学来实现他们的问题和愿景，这种美学与艾马拉学者关于七夕的概念作品一致，结合了土著和现代城市世界的见解，但从未将它们完全融合在一起。基于对电影场景的讨论，我们反思了城市青年如何表达对反种族主义形式的城市同居的梦想，以及如何挑战城市殖民主义下的不平等和种族主义。最后，我们探讨了参与性视频制作如何为基于土著青年对更公正的城市未来的愿景的替代规划方法开辟了可能性。
This article contributes to debates on Indigenous planning from the perspective of Latin American urban Indigenous youth. It focuses particularly on Bolivia, a country renowned internationally for promoting indigenous rights, post-neoliberal development, and decolonization in its 2009 constitution. Research to date, however, highlights the gaps between legal rhetoric and planning practice, emphasizing how government authorities continue to reproduce Spanish colonial imaginaries, for example, by considering cities—albeit home to a predominantly young self-identified Indigenous population—as non-Indigenous spaces. In addition to being denied Indigenous rights and experiencing discrimination, urban Indigenous youth currently confront a domestic crisis exacerbated by the global pandemic. They lack socioeconomic opportunities despite high levels of education. Young Indigenous women are also disproportionately affected by intrafamilial violence and sexual harassment. Yet, urban Indigenous youth have not lost hope. Mobilizing “capacity to aspire,” we argue that Indigenous youth represent planners of their own lives who confront hardships with their own future imaginations. We draw on collaborative research with four young Aymara women belonging to distinct Indigenous movements and collective organizations in the city of El Alto, with whom we deployed participatory video-making—a methodology that combines insights from popular education, docu-fiction, and visual anthropology. We demonstrate how Indigenous youth enact their problems and visions by deploying a particular urban Aymara filmmaking aesthetic that, aligning with conceptual work on ch’ixi by Aymara scholar , combines insights from Indigenous and modern urban worlds without ever fully mixing them. Based on a discussion of film scenes, we reflect on how urban youth articulate dreams for antiracist forms of urban cohabitation and challenge inequalities and racialization under urban coloniality. We conclude by exploring how participatory video-making can open possibilities for alternative planning approaches grounded in Indigenous youth visions for more just urban futures.