Assessing Women's Negative Sanitation Experiences and Concerns: The Development of a Novel Sanitation Insecurity Measure
Assessing Women's Negative Sanitation Experiences and Concerns: The Development of a Novel Sanitation Insecurity Measure
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DOI：
10.3390/ijerph14070755
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发表时间：
2017-07-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Haardorfer, Regine
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Caruso, Bethany A.;Clasen, Thomas;Haardorfer, Regine
缺乏可接受的卫生设施可能会使个人，特别是妇女，面临身体、社会和心理健康风险。虽然已经记录了一些挑战，但需要标准的衡量标准来确定妇女在多大程度上有与大小便有关的问题和负面经历。还需要这些衡量标准来评估减轻这些影响的干预措施的有效性。我们制定了一个卫生不安全措施，以捕捉妇女的卫生相关的问题和负面经验的范围和频率。研究是在印度奥里萨邦农村地区进行的，研究对象是处于不同生命历程阶段的妇女，以反映一系列观点。本文记录了混合数据收集方法和探索性和验证性因素分析，我们采用了达到最终的措施。最终的卫生不安全措施包括反映物理环境、社会环境和个人层面制约因素的7个因素中的50个项目。未婚妇女和无法使用功能性厕所的妇女的大多数因素得分明显较高，表明社会和环境对经验的影响。这项措施将使研究人员能够评估卫生设施无保障如何影响健康，并确定卫生设施干预措施是否以及如何减轻妇女的关切和与卫生设施有关的负面经历。
Lack of access to acceptable sanitation facilities can expose individuals, particularly women, to physical, social, and mental health risks. While some of the challenges have been documented, standard metrics are needed to determine the extent to which women have urinationand defecation-related concerns and negative experiences. Such metrics also are needed to assess the effectiveness of interventions to mitigate them. We developed a sanitation insecurity measure to capture the range and frequency of women's sanitation-related concerns and negative experiences. Research was conducted in rural Odisha, India with women across various life course stages to reflect a range of perspectives. This paper documents the mixed data collection methods and the exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses we employed to arrive at a final measure. The final sanitation insecurity measure includes 50 items across seven factors that reflect the physical environment, the social environment, and individual-level constraints. Most factor scores were significantly higher for unmarried women and for women who lacked access to functional latrines, indicating social and environmental influence on experiences. This measure will enable researchers to evaluate how sanitation insecurity affects health and to determine if and how sanitation interventions ameliorate women's concerns and negative experiences associated with sanitation.