The Impact of Cognitive and Implicit Bias on Patient Safety and Quality
The Impact of Cognitive and Implicit Bias on Patient Safety and Quality
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DOI：
10.1016/j.otc.2018.08.016
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发表时间：
2019-02-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Arjmand, Ellis M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Balakrishnan, Karthik;Arjmand, Ellis M.
人类使用认知捷径或启发式方法来快速评估和响应情况和数据。如果应用不当，试探法有可能以一致的方式改变对可用信息的分析，造成系统性偏差，导致决策错误。启发式在高压力、高风险的决策中有更大的作用，特别是在处理不完全信息时，换句话说，在日常的医疗和外科实践中。本文讨论了两大类：影响我们如何感知和解释临床数据的认知偏差；以及影响我们如何感知和回应他人的内隐偏差，并讨论了识别和减轻偏差影响的方法。
Humans use cognitive shortcuts, or heuristics, to quickly assess and respond to situations and data. When applied inappropriately, heuristics have the potential to redirect analysis of available information in consistent ways, creating systematic biases resulting in decision errors. Heuristics have greater effect in high-pressure, high-stakes decisions, particularly when dealing with incomplete information, in other words, daily medical and surgical practice. This article discusses 2 major categories: cognitive biases, which affect how we perceive and interpret clinical data; and implicit biases, which affect how we perceive and respond to other individuals, and also discusses approaches to recognize and alleviate bias effects.