Information Encoding and Reconstruction from the Phase of Action Potentials
Information Encoding and Reconstruction from the Phase of Action Potentials
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Z. Nadasdy
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作者：
Z. Nadasdy
提供一个统一的艾德框架来回答各种各样的令人生畏的问题（见补充材料中的表1）。AP时间和SMO之间紧密关系的间接证据来自细胞外AP和LFP之间高度相关性的观察。AP和LFP振荡之间的高相干性在清醒大脑中的γ和θ频带处占主导地位（Bragin等人，Cisse等人，2007年）。在主动探索环境和处理感觉输入期间，伽马和θ振荡也在海马体和内嗅皮层中锁相（Chrobak和Buzsaki，1998; Robbe等人，2006年）。与此同时，AP相位锁定伽马振荡（Chrobak和Buzsaki，1998年）。此外，已经发现γ波段LFP和AP相干性对运动任务敏感（Mehring等人，2003）和工作记忆期间的准备活动（Pesaran et al.，2002）和与选择性视觉注意有关（Fries et al.，2008年）。猫的视觉皮层区域中的多单位活动的自相关图在40-60 Hz处被强烈调制，并且与γ LFP相关，这表明AP产生和γ振荡之间存在功能联系（Gray和Singer，1989）。多单位-多单位和多单位-LFP内聚性在γ中的视觉刺激期间都增加（Womelsdorf等人，2007）和在β频带中的决策期间（Pesaran等人，2008年）。尽管在麻醉灵长类动物的初级视觉皮层中的低频LFP带内已经观察到AP-LFP相位相干性（Montemurro等人，2008），初级感觉区域中AP-LFP相干性的特征依赖性尚待研究。值得注意的是，在灵长类动物的躯体感觉皮层中，AP相位锁定到20-40 Hz LFP（Murthy和Fetz，1996）。大多数锥体细胞在θ周期的低谷时放电，并与神经编码中的基本问题相一致，即神经元如何从不同大脑结构之间交换的动作电位（AP）模式中编码，传输和重建信息。我们提出了一个神经编码的一般模型，其中神经元编码信息的相位相对于他们的阈下膜振荡的AP。我们通过模拟表明，AP相位保留了输入的空间和时间内容，假设膜电位振荡在神经元之间和结构之间是连贯的，并且具有恒定的空间相位梯度。该模型解释了许多尚未解决的生理观察，并提出了一些...
provide a unifi ed framework to answer a diverse set of daunting problems (see Table 1 in Supplementary Material). The indirect evidence for the tight relationship between AP timing and SMO derives from observations of high correlation between extracellular APs and LFP. High coherency between APs and LFP oscillations is predominant at the gamma and theta frequency bands in the awake brain (Bragin et al. Cisse et al., 2007). Gamma and theta oscillations also phase lock in the hippocampus and in the entorhinal cortex during active exploration of the environment and processing of sensory input (Chrobak and Buzsaki, 1998; Robbe et al., 2006). At the same time, APs phase lock with gamma oscillations (Chrobak and Buzsaki, 1998). Moreover, gamma band LFP and AP coherence has been found to be sensitive to motor task (Mehring et al., 2003) and preparatory activity during working memory (Pesaran et al., 2002) and related to selective visual attention (Fries et al., 2008). The autocorrelogram of multiunit activity in visual cortical areas of the cat is strongly modulated at 40–60 Hz and correlates with the gamma LFP, suggesting a functional link between AP generation and gamma oscillations (Gray and Singer, 1989). The multiunit– multiunit and the multiunit–LFP coherences are both increased during visual stimulation in the gamma (Womelsdorf et al., 2007) and during decision making in the beta frequency bands (Pesaran et al., 2008). Although AP-LFP phase coherency has been observed within the low-frequency LFP bands in the primary visual cortex of anesthetized primates (Montemurro et al., 2008), the feature-dependence of AP-LFP coherency in primary sensory areas is yet to be investigated. Notably, APs phase lock to 20–40 Hz LFP in the primate somatosensory cortex (Murthy and Fetz, 1996). The majority of pyramidal cells fi re at the trough of the theta cycle and align to Fundamental questions in neural coding are how neurons encode, transfer, and reconstruct information from the pattern of action potentials (APs) exchanged between different brain structures. We propose a general model of neural coding where neurons encode information by the phase of their APs relative to their subthreshold membrane oscillations. We demonstrate by means of simulations that AP phase retains the spatial and temporal content of the input under the assumption that the membrane potential oscillations are coherent across neurons and between structures and have a constant spatial phase gradient. The model explains many unresolved physiological observations and makes a number …