Individual responses of seabirds to commercial fisheries revealed using GPS tracking, stable isotopes and vessel monitoring systems
Individual responses of seabirds to commercial fisheries revealed using GPS tracking, stable isotopes and vessel monitoring systems
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01790.x
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发表时间：
2010-04-01
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Newton, Jason
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Votier, Stephen C.;Bearhop, Stuart;Newton, Jason
P>1。商业渔业产生的大量抛弃物可能对海洋捕食者种群产生重大影响：这种丰富的食物可能会增加一些食腐动物的种群，或通过意外的误捕减少其他动物。然而，尽管丢弃行为的保护意义，个别拾荒者的生态学知之甚少。在这里，我们评估的影响，商业渔业活动的觅食行为的个别繁殖北方塘鹅桑。利用稳定同位素混合模型（R或SIAR中的稳定同位素分析）的最新发展，我们估计了个体废弃物的消耗量。使用GPS跟踪和船舶监测系统（VMS），我们调查拖网渔船的行为反应。对常规饮食样本以及血液（血浆和细胞）中碳和氮的稳定同位素比率的分析突出表明，饮食中渔业丢弃物的比例存在明显的个体差异。稳定同位素揭示的觅食行为的个体差异显示了短期一致性和行为灵活性的证据。在海上路径曲折的25塘鹅（跟踪使用GPS记录仪）显示规模依赖的调整，响应VMS派生的渔船位置，以及海面温度，叶绿素a浓度和桡足类丰度。研究结果还表明，个体对拖网渔船的行为反应存在差异。SIAR估计的丢弃量的个体差异与觅食行程长度和身体状况的差异呈负相关，表明潜在的适合度结果。合成与应用。商业渔业和顶级捕食者的管理是一项艰巨的任务。最终，减少兼捕和消除对丢弃物的依赖仍然是保护的关键优先事项，但管理人员还应确保食腐物种有足够的替代食物来满足其能量需求，以减轻潜在的不可预见的连锁反应。稳定同位素分析（SIAR）的结果揭示了种群内的差异，丢弃消费的塘鹅，差异有影响的觅食努力和身体状况。全球定位系统跟踪和渔船监测系统的使用表明，塘鹅在海上的行为受到渔船的影响，虽然这也因人而异。SIAR、全球定位系统跟踪和渔船监测系统相结合，可用于详细研究个体一级的渔业/食腐动物相互作用，以回答有关食腐行为的基本问题。
P>1. The large amount of discards produced by commercial fisheries can have major impacts on marine predator populations: this abundant food may increase populations of some scavengers or decrease others via accidental bycatch. Yet, despite the conservation implications of discard practices, the ecology of individual scavengers is poorly understood.2. Here, we assess the influence of commercial fisheries' activity on the foraging behaviour of individual breeding northern gannets Morus bassanus. Using recent developments in stable isotope mixing models (Stable Isotope Analysis in R or SIAR) we estimate individual discard consumption. Using GPS tracking and the Vessel Monitoring System (VMS), we investigate behavioural responses to trawlers.3. Analysis of conventional diet samples, as well as stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen in blood (plasma and cells), highlight marked individual differences in the proportion of fishery discards in the diet. Individual differences in foraging behaviour revealed by stable isotopes show evidence of both short-term consistency and behavioural flexibility.4. At-sea path tortuosity of 25 gannets (tracked using GPS loggers) revealed scale-dependent adjustments in response to VMS-derived fishing vessel locations, as well as to sea surface temperature, chlorophyll a concentration and copepod abundance. The results also indicate individual variability in behavioural response to trawlers.5. Individual differences in the amount of discards estimated from SIAR were negatively correlated with differences in foraging trip length and body condition, indicating potential fitness consequences.6. Synthesis and applications. The management of commercial fisheries and apex predators is a daunting task. Ultimately, reducing bycatch and removing dependency on discards remain key conservation priorities, but managers should also ensure that scavenging species have sufficient alternative food to meet their energetic needs, to ameliorate potential unforeseen knock-on consequences. The results of Stable Isotope Analysis (SIAR) reveal intra-population differences in discard consumption by gannets; differences that have impacts on foraging effort and body condition. The use of GPS tracking and Vessel Monitoring Systems (VMS) reveal that gannet at-sea behaviour is influenced by fishing vessels, although this also varies among individuals. A combination of SIAR, GPS tracking and VMS can be used to study fishery/scavenger interactions in detail at the individual level, to answer fundamental questions about scavenging behaviour.