Grey is the new black: covert action and implausible deniability
Grey is the new black: covert action and implausible deniability
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灰色是新的黑色：秘密行动和难以置信的推诿
DOI：
10.1093/ia/iiy067
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Cormac R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cormac R
数百年来，国家一直试图以一种偷偷摸摸的方式干预他国事务。自从第二次世界大战后情报部门专业化以来，这种行为被称为秘密行动，几代人都将其定义为对他人事务的无可辩驳的干预;赞助者的手既不明显也不承认。我们挑战这种正统观念。通过将聚光灯从秘密行动转向合理的可否认性本身，我们认为，即使在其所谓的鼎盛时期，这个概念也存在很大的问题。技术和媒体的变化，加上特种部队和私营军事公司的崛起，使它今天的可信度更低。我们生活在一个难以置信的否认和模棱两可的战争的时代。讽刺的是，这并不意味着秘密行动的结束。相反，领导人正在接受令人难以置信的否认和它所造成的歧义。我们提出了一个新的秘密行动概念，历史上的基础，但适合21世纪：不承认的干涉他人的事务。
For hundreds of years, states have sought to intervene in the affairs of others in a surreptitious manner. Since the professionalization of intelligence services in the aftermath of the Second World War, this behaviour has become known as covert action, which—for generations of scholars—has been defined as plausibly deniable intervention in the affairs of others; the sponsor's hand is neither apparent nor acknowledged. We challenge this orthodoxy. By turning the spotlight away from covert action and onto plausible deniability itself, we argue that even in its supposed heyday, the concept was deeply problematic. Changes in technology and the media, combined with the rise of special forces and private military companies, give it even less credibility today. We live in an era of implausible deniability and ambiguous warfare. Paradoxically, this does not spell the end of covert action. Instead, leaders are embracing implausible deniability and the ambiguity it creates. We advance a new conception of covert action, historically grounded but fit for the twenty-first century: unacknowledged interference in the affairs of others.