Free viewing of dynamic stimuli by humans and monkeys
Free viewing of dynamic stimuli by humans and monkeys
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DOI：
10.1167/9.5.19
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发表时间：
2009-01-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Itti, Laurent
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Berg, David J.;Boehnke, Susan E.;Itti, Laurent
由于广泛的同源性，猴子提供了人类视觉注意力的复杂动物模型。然而，对于行为动物的电生理记录，传统上使用简化的刺激和受控的眼睛位置。为了验证猴子作为人类注意力的模型，在现实的自由观看，我们对比了人类（n = 5）和猴子（n = 5）的凝视行为，使用115自然和人工视频剪辑。猴子表现出更广泛的扫视端点和幅度，并显示出固定和扫视间隔的差异。我们比较了这两个物种的倾向，凝视着类似的低层次的视觉属性使用两个计算模型亮度对比度和显着性的场景元素。显著性对人类和猴子的凝视都有更好的预测性，总体上对人类扫视的预测比猴子扫视更好。量化观察者间的凝视一致性显示，虽然人类是高度一致的，猴子更异质性，最好的显着性模型预测。为了解决这些差异，我们进一步分析了高兴趣的凝视目标，这些位置同时选择至少两只猴子。平均而言，这些目标与人类的凝视目标非常相似，无论是在特定位置还是显着性值方面。虽然发现了大量的数量差异，但两个物种之间存在着很强的相似性，特别是在将分析重点放在高兴趣目标上时。
Due to extensive homologies, monkeys provide a sophisticated animal model of human visual attention. However, for electrophysiological recording in behaving animals simplified stimuli and controlled eye position are traditionally used. To validate monkeys as a model for human attention during realistic free viewing, we contrasted human (n = 5) and monkey (n = 5) gaze behavior using 115 natural and artificial video clips. Monkeys exhibited broader ranges of saccadic endpoints and amplitudes and showed differences in fixation and intersaccadic intervals. We compared tendencies of both species to gaze toward scene elements with similar low-level visual attributes using two computational models-luminance contrast and saliency. Saliency was more predictive of both human and monkey gaze, predicting human saccades better than monkey saccades overall. Quantifying interobserver gaze consistency revealed that while humans were highly consistent, monkeys were more heterogeneous and were best predicted by the saliency model. To address these discrepancies, we further analyzed high-interest gaze targets-those locations simultaneously chosen by at least two monkeys. These were on average very similar to human gaze targets, both in terms of specific locations and saliency values. Although substantial quantitative differences were revealed, strong similarities existed between both species, especially when focusing analysis onto high-interest targets.