“Hikikomori” and Dependency on Family: Focusing on Father Son Relationships
“Hikikomori” and Dependency on Family: Focusing on Father Son Relationships
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“蛰居族”与家庭依赖：关注父子关系
DOI：
10.1111/ijjs.12121
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
1.2
通讯作者：
Sekimizu Teppei
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yang;F.;Nie;H.,;大尾侑子;楊非凡，聶海松;佐野潤子;仲野由佳理;石島健太郎;Sekimizu Teppei
Hikikomori是日语中的一个术语，指的是被“关在家里”或有这种情况的人。日本全国调查显示，隐居小森的总数超过100万人。本文试图阐明日本家庭所面临的“隐姓埋名”问题，并将这些微观经验与日本社会的某些社会背景有关的宏观共同问题联系起来。在这项研究中，我检查了来自国家和KHJ(全国范围内的隐蔽家庭组织)调查的统计数据，以及对隐居家庭儿子的父亲的案例研究。其中一个主要发现是，有隐蔽者的家庭普遍存在的问题不是他们的与世隔绝的状况，而是这些成年子女的“依赖”。父亲减少依赖的努力包括鼓励他们的儿子获得稳定的工作或使他们获得适当的社会保障，如公共援助。然而，由于社会结构性背景：劳动力市场转型、社会保障不足以及家庭养育子女的无限责任，这些努力往往是无效的。本文还着重分析了“日本福利社会模式”的政策作为一种政治因素，通过发展工作福利制度和家庭主义相结合的方式强化了家庭依赖。日本的福利社会模式假定男性养家糊口的就业将是稳定的。男性就业的不稳定使该模型失灵。隐姓埋名问题作为家庭依赖问题的扩展就是该模型功能失调的证据。
Hikikomori is a Japanese term referring to the condition of being “shut‐in” or someone with that condition. Japanese national surveys indicated that the total number of hikikomori is over one million. This paper seeks to elucidate the “hikikomori” problem faced by families and connect those microscopic experiences to a macroscopic common problem related to some social backgrounds of Japanese society. For the study, I examined statistical data from national and KHJ (a nationwide organization of hikikomori families) surveys, and case studies of fathers of hikikomori sons. One of the main findings was that the common problem of families with hikikomori people is not the shut‐in condition of them, but the “dependency” of these adult‐aged children. Fathers' attempts to reduce the dependency included encouraging their sons to secure stable employment or connect them to adequate social security, such as public assistance. However, these efforts are often ineffectual because of social structural backgrounds: transformation of the labor market, inadequate social security, and the infinite duty of family to sustain children. This paper also focused on the policies of the “Japanese model of welfare society” as a political factor that reinforced the family dependency by developing a combination of workfare regime and familialism. The Japanese model of welfare society assumes that the employment of men as breadwinners would be stable. Instability of the employment of men makes the model dysfunctional. The expansion of the hikikomori problem as a family dependency problem is evidence of the dysfunction of the model.