Constituents Leached by Tomato Seeds Regulate the Behavior of Root-Knot Nematodes and Their Antifungal Effects against Seed-Borne Fungi
Constituents Leached by Tomato Seeds Regulate the Behavior of Root-Knot Nematodes and Their Antifungal Effects against Seed-Borne Fungi
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番茄种子浸出的成分调节根结线虫的行为及其对种子传播真菌的抗真菌作用
DOI：
10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01797
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Li Xi-meng
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kuang Ming-shan;Liu Ting-ting;Wu Hai-bin;Lan Hui-peng;Wen Yu-xin;Wu Hai-bo;Li Xi-meng
发芽的种子可以释放多种植物化学物质，这些化学物质可以排斥、抑制或杀死病原体，如根结线虫和种子携带的真菌。然而，人们对这些植物化学物质的组成及其对病原体的影响知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们证明了番茄种子分泌物可以吸引线虫南方根结线虫使用双选择试验。然后从渗出物中分离并鉴定了18种化合物。其中，酯类（1-3）、脂肪酸（4-6）和酚酸（10-12）被证明是促进线虫二龄幼虫（J2 s）寻找寄主过程的信号分子，而生物碱（17和18）则干扰J2 s寻找寄主的过程。此外，一些酚酸类和生物碱类化合物对种子带菌也有一定的抑制作用。其中阿魏酸（12）对黄曲霉（Aspergillus flavus）有明显的抑制作用（MIC为32 μg/mL），二氢辣椒素（17）对尖孢镰刀菌（Fusarium oxysporum）有明显的抑制作用（MIC为16 μg/mL）。总的来说，这项研究提出了第一个证据表明，M。通过鉴定种子分泌物中化合物的结构和分析其对线虫的作用，可以看出种子分泌物中的各种化合物对南方根结线虫有引诱或驱避作用。此外，还发现了一些抗真菌的化合物。这项工作的结果表明，种子分泌物是一个新的来源，发现洞察开发植物保护物质与杀线虫和抗真菌效果。
Germinating seeds can release diverse phytochemicals that repel, inhibit, or kill pathogens such as root-knot nematodes and seed-borne fungi. However, little is known about the composition of these phytochemicals and their effects on pathogens. In this study, we demonstrated that tomato seed exudates can attract the nematodeMeloidogyne incognitausing a dual-choice assay. Eighteen compounds were then isolated and identified from the exudates. Of these, esters (1–3), fatty acids (4–6), and phenolic acids (10–12) were proven to be the signaling molecules that facilitated the host-seeking process of second-stage juveniles (J2s) of nematodes, while alkaloids (17and18) disrupted J2s in locating their host. Furthermore, some phenolic acids and alkaloids showed antifungal effects against seed-borne fungi. In particular, ferulic acid (12) showed obvious activity againstAspergillus flavus(minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), 32 μg/mL), while dihydrocapsaicin (17) showed noticeable activity againstFusarium oxysporum(MIC, 16 μg/mL). Overall, this study presents the first evidence thatM. incognitacan be attracted to or deterred by various compounds in seed exudates through identification of the structures of the compounds in the exudates and analysis of their effects on nematodes. Furthermore, some antifungal compounds were also found. The findings of this work suggest that seed exudates are new source for finding insights into the development of plant protective substances with nematocidal and antifungal effects.