Different diversity measures and genetic traits reveal different species-genetic diversity relationships: A case study in forest tree communities
Different diversity measures and genetic traits reveal different species-genetic diversity relationships: A case study in forest tree communities
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DOI：
10.1515/sg-2013-0004
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发表时间：
2013-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1
通讯作者：
Wehenkel, Chr
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bergmann, F.;Gregorius, H. -R.;Wehenkel, Chr
物种多样性和遗传多样性是生物多样性的两个最重要的组成部分，它们之间的关系近年来引起了群落遗传学领域的极大兴趣。目前的研究有助于解决这一问题，似乎已经被忽视了三个问题，即是否使用（a）不同的多样性措施，（B）的多样性的不同组成部分，（c）不同的遗传性状可能会导致不同的物种遗传多样性关系的评估。为此目的，物种组成和遗传性状的数据收集的9个森林群落，其中包括3个纯和6个混合的树木位于图林根森林地区的天然更新。遗传性状包括1个DNA（AFLP）和5个同工酶性状，所有这些都在所有物种中确定。与其他研究相比，物种多样性由两个组成部分确定，SD（物种多样性）和内斯（遗传上不同物种的有效数量），遗传多样性由三个组成部分确定，TSGD（跨种遗传多样性），ISGD和NGS（每个描述种内遗传多样性的特殊平均值）。每个组件进行了量化的多样性措施，代表四个订单的仁义/希尔家庭。这些顺序对应于多样性度量中考虑类型流行程度的程度（在最低顺序，称为丰富度，不考虑流行程度，随着顺序的增加，多样性度量仅报告流行类型）。在我们的数据中，每一个遗传性状的多样性单独测量显示了很大的变化范围内的性状和多样性的组成部分，即使在相同的立场。多样性组成部分的选择，从而证明有很大的影响，在林分内的遗传多样性水平的评估。这促使人们对物种和遗传多样性之间的关系进行更详细的研究。利用协变系数对相关关系进行量化，并通过排列检验验证协变的统计学显著性。SD和TSGD之间的协变被认为是普遍积极的，在大多数情况下显着的，但协变下降，增加了订单的多样性，大多数的遗传性状。与此相反，SD和ISGD之间的协变是不一致的四个订单的多样性。特别是，最高阶的协变被认为是负的所有性状。因此，我们的探索性研究的结果表明，在看台上的遗传多样性水平的评估，以及物种遗传的相互关系，关键取决于多样性成分的选择，多样性的顺序，和遗传性状。这些观察结果支持不同的，甚至是相反的假设的过程可能产生物种遗传关系。因此，在生物多样性保护的战略，例如，建议更具体地涉及到的组件和多样性的顺序被保护，并考虑到遗传特性的功能与适应相关的环境因素。
Relationships between species diversity and genetic diversity, the two most important elements of biodiversity, have recently attracted considerable interest in the field of community genetics. The present study contributes to this issue by addressing three questions that seem to have been ignored so far, namely whether the use of (a) different diversity measures, of (b) different components of diversity, and of (c) different genetic traits may lead to different assessements of species-genetic diversity relationships. For this purpose, data on species composition and genetic traits were collected from the natural regeneration of nine forest communities, which consist of three pure and six mixed tree stands located in the Thuringian forest area. The genetic traits comprised one DNA (AFLP) and five isozyme traits all of which were determined in all species. In contrast to other studies, the species diversity was determined for two components, SD (species diversity) and NeS (effective number of genetically distinct species), and the genetic diversity was determined for three components, TSGD (the transspecific genetic diversity taken over all species of a community), ISGD and NGS (each describing a special average of intraspecific genetic diversity). Each component was quantified by measures of diversity representing four orders of the Renyi/Hill-family. The orders correspond to the degree to which prevalence of types is considered in the diversity measure (at the lowest order, known as richness, prevalence is disregarded, with increasing order, the diversity measure reports prevalent types only). In our data, the diversity measured for each genetic trait separately showed a great range of variation across traits and components of diversity even in the same stand. The choice of the diversity component thus turned out to have a substantial effect on the assessment of the level of genetic diversity within stands. This prompted more detailed studies of the relationships between species and genetic diversity. Relationships were quantified with the help of the coefficient of co-variation, and the statistical significance of the co-variations was verified through permutation tests. The co-variations between SD and TSGD were found to be generally positive and in most cases significant, but the co-variation declined with increasing orders of diversity for most of the genetic traits. In contrast, the co-variation between SD and ISGD was not consistent for the four orders of diversity. In particular, the co-variations for the highest order were found to be negative for all traits. The results of our explorative study thus demonstrate that the assessment of levels of genetic diversity within stands as well as species-genetic interrelations critically depend on the choice of the diversity component, of the order of diversity, and of the genetic trait. These observations lend support to different and even opposing hypotheses on the processes potentially generating species-genetic relationships. Therefore, strategies in the conservation of biodiversity, for example, are suggested to be related more specifically to the components and orders of diversity to be safegarded and to consider the functions of genetic traits in relation to adaptationally relevant environmental factors.