GPR68 Senses Flow and Is Essential for Vascular Physiology.

GPR68 Senses Flow and Is Essential for Vascular Physiology.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.076
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发表时间:
2018-04-19
期刊:
影响因子:
64.5
通讯作者:
Patapoutian A
Patapoutian A
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Xu J;Mathur J;Vessières E;Hammack S;Nonomura K;Favre J;Grimaud L;Petrus M;Francisco A;Li J;Lee V;Xiang FL;Mainquist JK;Cahalan SM;Orth AP;Walker JR;Ma S;Lukacs V;Bordone L;Bandell M;Laffitte B;Xu Y;Chien S;Henrion D;Patapoutian A

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机械转导在血管生物学中起着至关重要的作用。其中一个例子是通过血流介导的血管舒张(FMD)对血管阻力进行局部调节。这一过程受损是内皮功能障碍的一个标志,也是诸如高血压和动脉粥样硬化等多种血管疾病的先兆。然而,内皮细胞内负责感知血流(剪切应力)的分子在很大程度上仍不为人知。我们设计了一种384孔筛选系统,可对培养的细胞施加剪切应力。我们鉴定出一种对机械刺激敏感的细胞系,该细胞系表现出剪切应力激活的钙瞬变,筛选了一个聚焦的RNA干扰文库,并确定GPR68对于剪切应力反应既必要又充分。GPR68在小直径(阻力)动脉的内皮细胞中表达。重要的是,Gpr68基因缺陷型小鼠肠系膜小动脉的急性FMD和慢性血流介导的外向重塑明显受损。因此,GPR68是小动脉内皮中一种必不可少的血流传感器,也是心血管病理生理学中的一个关键信号成分。 一种G蛋白偶联受体(GPCR)对血管中的剪切应力感知至关重要
Mechanotransduction plays a crucial role in vascular biology. One example of this is local regulation of vascular resistance via flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD). Impairment of this process is a hallmark of endothelial dysfunction, and a precursor to a wide array of vascular diseases such as hypertension and atherosclerosis. And yet, the molecules responsible for sensing flow (shear stress) within endothelial cells remain largely unknown. We designed a 384-well screening system that applies shear stress on cultured cells. We identified a mechanosensitive cell line that exhibits shear stress-activated calcium transients, screened a focused RNAi library, and identified GPR68 as necessary and sufficient for shear stress responses. GPR68 is expressed in endothelial cells of small diameter (resistance) arteries. Importantly, Gpr68-deficient mice display markedly impaired acute FMD and chronic flow-mediated outward remodeling in mesenteric arterioles. Therefore, GPR68 is an essential flow sensor in arteriolar endothelium, and is a critical signaling component in cardiovascular pathophysiology. A GPCR is critical for shear stress sensing in blood vessels
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