What is special about spatial data science and Geo-AI?

What is special about spatial data science and Geo-AI?
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空间数据科学和地理人工智能有何特别之处?

DOI:
10.1145/3468791.3472263
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
SSDBM 2021: 33rd International Conference on Scientific and Statistical Database Management
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Shekhar, Shashi
Shekhar, Shashi
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Shekhar, Shashi

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随着空间和时空大数据(如轨迹、遥感图像、人口普查和地理社交媒体)的兴起,空间数据科学和地理人工智能的重要性日益增强[1-2]。社会用例包括农业(全球作物监测、精准农业)、基于位置的服务(例如导航、拼车)、公共卫生(例如监测疾病传播)、环境和气候(变化检测、土地覆盖分类)、智慧城市(例如绘制建筑物)等[1-2]。由于多种原因,经典数据科学和人工智能(例如机器学习)在应用于空间数据集时往往表现不佳[1-5]。首先,空间数据嵌入在连续空间中,经典统计(如相关性)对可修改面积单位问题不具有鲁棒性。其次,空间数据项具有扩展的足迹(例如,线串、多边形)和隐式关系(例如,距离、触摸)。第三,虚假模式的高成本需要护栏(例如,统计显著性检验)来减少误报。此外,空间自相关和变异违背了数据样本独立于相同分布的经典假设,这可能会导致模型不准确或与数据不一致。因此,需要新的方法来分析空间数据[1-5]。本次演讲将探讨空间分类和预测的常用和新兴方法(例如,空间自回归、空间决策树[6]、空间变异性感知神经网络[7]),以及发现有趣、有用和重要模式的技术,如热点(例如,圆形、线性、任意形状[8])、相互作用(例如,共定位[9]、远程连接[10])、空间异常值[10]及其时空对应[3]。
The importance of spatial data science and Geo-AI is growing with the rise of spatial and spatiotemporal big data (e.g., trajectories, remote-sensing images, census and geo-social media) [1-2]. Societal use cases include Agriculture (global crop monitoring, precision agriculture), Location-based services (e.g., navigation, ride-sharing), Public Health (e.g., monitoring disease spread), Environment and Climate (change detection, land-cover classification), Smart Cities (e.g., mapping buildings), etc. [1-2]Classical data science and AI (e.g., machine learning) often perform poorly when applied to spatial data sets because of the many reasons [1-5]. First, spatial data is embedded in a continuous space and classical statistics (e.g., correlation) are not robust to the modifiable areal unit problem. Second, spatial data-items have extended footprints (e.g., line strings, polygons) and implicit relationships (e.g., distance, touch). Third, high cost of spurious patterns requires guardrails (e.g., statistical significance tests) to reduce false positives. Furthermore, spatial autocorrelation and variability violate the classical assumption of data samples being generated independently from identical distributions, which risk models that are either inaccurate or inconsistent with the data.Thus, new methods are needed to analyze spatial data [1-5]. This talk surveys common and emerging methods for spatial classification and prediction (e.g., spatial autoregression, spatial decision trees [6], spatial variability aware neural networks [7]), as well as techniques for discovering interesting, useful and non-trivial patterns such as hotspots (e.g., circular, linear, arbitrary shapes [8]), interactions (e.g., co-locations [9], tele-connections), spatial outliers [10], and their spatio-temporal counterparts [3].
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发表时间: 2019-08
期刊: Proceedings of the 16th International Symposium on Spatial and Temporal Databases
影响因子: --
作者:
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发表时间: 2020
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DOI: --
发表时间: 2015
影响因子: 8.9
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发表时间: 2020
期刊: SIGKDD Explorations
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