The dynamics of visual adaptation to faces
The dynamics of visual adaptation to faces
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2004.3022
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发表时间：
2005-05-07
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Jeffery, L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Leopold, DA;Rhodes, G;Jeffery, L
最近几次使用视觉适应的演示揭示了包括面部在内的复杂模式的高水平后效。虽然传统的后效涉及在视觉皮层层次结构中早期处理的简单属性（如方向或颜色）的感知扭曲，但面部适应影响感知的身份和表达，这被认为是高阶处理的产物。而且，与大多数简单的后效不同，那些涉及面部的后效对适应刺激和测试刺激之间的尺度、位置和方向的变化具有鲁棒性。这些差异提出了一个问题，即面部后遗症与传统后遗症的关系有多密切。人们对面部后效的建立和衰减知之甚少，这些动态过程与传统后效的相似性可能会让我们深入了解这种关系。我们研究了不同的适应和测试刺激的持续时间的影响，在面对身份的感知失真的幅度。我们发现，就像传统的后效一样，身份后效随着适应时间的增加而呈几何级数增长，随着测试持续时间的增加而呈指数级增长。即使是这些动态的微妙方面，如适应和测试持续时间之间的幂律关系，也与其他后效非常相似。这些结果是用两组不同的面部刺激获得的，这两组刺激在低水平特性上有很大差异。我们假设，这些共享的动态管理机制可能是分离的功能选择性神经元在早期视觉皮层的反应。
Several recent demonstrations using visual adaptation have revealed high-level aftereffects for complex patterns including faces. While traditional aftereffects involve perceptual distortion of simple attributes such as orientation or colour that are processed early in the visual cortical hierarchy, face adaptation affects perceived identity and expression, which are thought to be products of higher-order processing. And, unlike most simple aftereffects, those involving faces are robust to changes in scale, position and orientation between the adapting and test stimuli. These differences raise the question of how closely related face aftereffects are to traditional ones. Little is known about the build-up and decay of the face aftereffect, and the similarity of these dynamic processes to traditional aftereffects might provide insight into this relationship. We examined the effect of varying the duration of both the adapting and test stimuli on the magnitude of perceived distortions in face identity. We found that, just as with traditional aftereffects, the identity aftereffect grew logarithmically stronger as a function of adaptation time and exponentially weaker as a function of test duration. Even the subtle aspects of these dynamics, such as the power-law relationship between the adapting and test durations, closely resembled that of other aftereffects. These results were obtained with two different sets of face stimuli that differed greatly in their low-level properties. We postulate that the mechanisms governing these shared dynamics may be dissociable from the responses of feature-selective neurons in the early visual cortex.