Phylogenetic and trait similarity to a native species predict herbivory on non-native oaks
Phylogenetic and trait similarity to a native species predict herbivory on non-native oaks
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0904867106
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发表时间：
2009-10
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
I. Pearse;A. Hipp
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
I. Pearse;A. Hipp
引进植物的食草性往往比本地植物少，尽管食草性负荷差异很大。食草动物将寄主转移到引进植物上至少有两个原因。他们可能会根据植物的特征与其原生寄主的特征的相似性来识别新植物作为潜在寄主，这种相似性可能会或可能不会表现出系统发育信号。另外，草食动物可能会以最佳方式进食，评估哪些引进植物提供了最好的营养，而不考虑与本地物种的相似性。在这里，我们创建了57个栎（Quercus）分类群的系统发育，这些分类群生长在它们的范围之外，在一个共同的植物园里，有一个丰富的本地橡树（Quercus lobata）。利用系统发育学方法，对两种取食昆虫（噬叶昆虫和采叶昆虫）和11种可能影响草食性能的植物性状进行了系统发育保守性评价。在咀嚼损伤和除叶片成熟时间外的其他性状中，均发现了较高的系统发育信号。与本地栎树亲缘关系越近的引种栎树受到的咀嚼和开采损害比亲缘关系较远的栎树更大，叶片性状总体相似的引种栎树受到的咀嚼和开采损害也越大，但没有受到开采损害。这些结果表明，引入植物与其食草动物之间的相互作用是由跟踪植物系统发育的性状和可能影响食草动物表现的叶片性状独立驱动的。
Introduced plants tend to experience less herbivory than natives, although herbivore loads vary widely. Herbivores may switch hosts onto an introduced plant for at least two reasons. They may recognize the novel plant as a potential host based on similarity of the plant's traits to the traits of one of its native hosts, a similarity that may or may not exhibit phylogenetic signal. Alternatively, herbivores may feed optimally, assessing which introduced plants provide the best nutrition irrespective of similarity to native species. Here, we created a phylogeny of 57 oak (Quercus) taxa, which were grown outside of their ranges in a common botanical garden that contained one abundant native oak (Quercus lobata). We used the phylogeny to estimate the phylogenetic conservatism of herbivory by two feeding guilds of insects (leaf chewers and leaf miners) and 11 plant traits expected to affect herbivore performance. We found high phylogenetic signal in chewing damage but not mining damage and all traits except for leaf maturation time. Introduced oaks that are more closely related to the native oak received more chewing and mining damage than distantly related oaks, and introduced oaks that had greater overall similarity in leaf traits also received higher chewing damage but not mining damage. These results demonstrate that interactions between introduced plants and their herbivores are driven independently by traits that track plant phylogeny and leaf traits that likely affect herbivore performance.