A Formation Flying Technology Vision
A Formation Flying Technology Vision
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DOI：
10.2514/6.2000-5194
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发表时间：
2000-09
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Bristow;D. Folta;K. Hartman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Bristow;D. Folta;K. Hartman
编队飞行正在给地球和空间科学以及空间界执行科学任务的方式带来革命性变化。这一技术变革在航天器制导、导航和控制以及科学界如何在航天器和地面之间收集和共享信息方面提供了新的创新技术。这些技术还将加快人类对太空的探索。一旦完全成熟，这项技术将导致成群结队的太空飞行器作为虚拟平台或分布式空间系统和传感器网络飞行，它们收集的科学数据比今天可能收集的要多得多，也更好。编队飞行将通过开发和部署与卫星内通信基础设施相结合的自动星载制导、导航和控制(GN&C)系统来实现。创新的航天器自主技术，如差分全球定位系统(GPS)技术、基于光学和视觉的导航以及天文导航，允许自主导航，而其他技术提供了自主控制方法来维持和优化这些编队。本文在GN&C技术的背景下展望了空间探索的未来，概述了NASA技术发展的现状及其与国防部(DoD)、工业和大学的合作伙伴关系，以尽快将编队飞行技术推向前沿。我们解决了需要克服的障碍，以实现分布式航天器愿景和NASA GSFC将这项技术转移到太空的方法。我们还将介绍一些编队飞行试验台，如在轨空军研究实验室(AFRL)大学纳米卫星，以及猎户座试验台和地面GSFC编队飞行试验台，它们正在开发中，以演示和验证创新的位置传感和编队控制技术。
Formation Flying is revolutionizing Earth and Space science and the way the space community conducts science missions. This technological transformation provides new, innovative techniques in spacecraft guidance, navigation, and control, and how the science community gathers and shares information between space vehicles and the ground. These technologies will also expedite the human exploration of space. Once fully matured, this technology will result in swarms of space vehicles flying as virtual platforms or distributed space systems and sensor webs which gather significantly more and better science data than is possible today. Formation flying will be enabled through the development and deployment of automated spaceborne guidance, navigation, and control (GN&C) systems integrated with intrasatellite communications infrastructure. Innovative spacecraft autonomy techniques, such as differential Global Positioning System (GPS) technology, optical, and vision-based navigation and celestial navigation allow autonomous navigation while other technologies provide for the autonomous control methods to maintain and optimize these formations. This paper provides a vision of the future of space exploration in the context of GN&C technology, and an overview of the current status of NASA technology development and its partnerships with the Department of Defense (DoD), Industry, and University to bring formation flying technology to the forefront as quickly as possible. We address the impediments that need to be overcome to achieve the distributive spacecraft vision and NASA GSFC's approach to transfer this technology to space. We will also describe some of the formation flying testbeds, such as the on-orbit Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) University Nanosats, and Orion test beds and ground based GSFC Formation Flying Test Bed, which are being developed to demonstrate and validate innovative position sensing and formation control technologies.