Drought and salinity: A comparison of their effects on mineral nutrition of plants
Drought and salinity: A comparison of their effects on mineral nutrition of plants
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DOI：
10.1002/jpln.200420516
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发表时间：
2005-08-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Schmidhalter, U
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hu, YC;Schmidhalter, U
世界许多地区的旱期日益频繁，灌溉地区的盐碱化问题经常导致耕地上不断发生干旱和盐碱化。目前，50%的灌溉方案受到盐碱度的影响。干旱和盐分下的营养干扰通过影响养分的可获得性、运输和分配来减少植物的生长。然而，干旱和盐度会不同地影响植物的矿质营养。由于Na+、Cl-与K+、Ca~(2+)、NO_3~-等营养物质的竞争，盐度可能导致营养缺乏或营养失衡。另一方面，干旱会影响养分的吸收，并损害某些养分的顶端转运。尽管关于盐分或干旱条件下养分供应对植物生长的影响的报道相互矛盾，但人们普遍认为，当土壤中已经有足够数量的养分时，当干旱或盐分胁迫严重时，增加养分供应不会改善植物的生长。更好地了解矿质营养在植物抗旱和耐盐方面的作用，将有助于改善干旱和半干旱地区以及遭受暂时干旱的地区的肥料管理。本文综述了干旱和盐分条件下植物营养的研究现状。具体主题包括：(1)干旱和盐分胁迫对植物养分可获得性、吸收、运输和积累的影响，(2)养分供应与干旱或盐分胁迫反应之间的相互作用，以及(3)通过育种和分子方法提高干旱和盐分下养分可利用性的方法。
The increasing frequency of dry periods in many regions of the world and the problems associated with salinity in irrigated areas frequently result in the consecutive occurrence of drought and salinity on cultivated land. Currently, 50% of all irrigation schemes are affected by salinity. Nutrient disturbances under both drought and salinity reduce plant growth by affecting the availability, transport, and partitioning of nutrients. However, drought and salinity can differentially affect the mineral nutrition of plants. Salinity may cause nutrient deficiencies or imbalances, due to the competition of Na+ and Cl- with nutrients such as K+, Ca2+, and NO3-. Drought, on the other hand, can affect nutrient uptake and impair acropetal translocation of some nutrients. Despite contradictory reports on the effects of nutrient supply on plant growth under saline or drought conditions, it is generally accepted that an increased nutrient supply will not improve plant growth when the nutrient is already present in sufficient amounts in the soil and when the drought or salt stress is severe. A better understanding of the role of mineral nutrients in plant resistance to drought and salinity will contribute to an improved fertilizer management in and and semi-arid areas and in regions suffering from temporary drought. This paper reviews the current state of knowledge on plant nutrition under drought and salinity conditions. Specific topics include: (1) the effects of drought and salt stress on nutrient availability, uptake, transport, and accumulation in plants, (2) the interactions between nutrient supply and drought- or salt-stress response, and (3) means to increase nutrient availability under drought and salinity by breeding and molecular approaches.