Developmental genetic bases behind the independent origin of the tympanic membrane in mammals and diapsids.
Developmental genetic bases behind the independent origin of the tympanic membrane in mammals and diapsids.
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DOI：
10.1038/ncomms7853
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发表时间：
2015-04-22
影响因子：
16.6
通讯作者：
Kurihara H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kitazawa T;Takechi M;Hirasawa T;Adachi N;Narboux-Nême N;Kume H;Maeda K;Hirai T;Miyagawa-Tomita S;Kurihara Y;Hitomi J;Levi G;Kuratani S;Kurihara H
中耳是一个典型的进化新奇的例子。虽然古生物学证据支持哺乳动物和双孔类（现代爬行动物和鸟类）在从共同祖先分化后独立获得中耳的观点，但这些转变的发展基础仍然未知。在这里，我们表明，由内皮素1-Dlx 5/6级联涉及Goosecoid的失活诱导的下颌到上颌的转化导致小鼠鼓膜的损失，但导致鸡鼓膜的复制。详细的解剖学分析表明，初级颌关节和第一咽囊的相对位置导致鼓膜形成与下颌耦合在哺乳动物，但与上颌的双孔。我们提出，不同的咽部骨骼元素的连接和释放的差异导致了结构的多样性，导致收购鼓膜在两种不同的方式在adjacotote进化。 中耳炎的发展至今仍不清楚。在这里，作者表明，在发育过程中Edn 1-Dlx 5/6级联的失活导致小鼠鼓膜的丢失和鸡的复制，这表明鼓膜在不同的哺乳动物中独立进化。
The amniote middle ear is a classical example of the evolutionary novelty. Although paleontological evidence supports the view that mammals and diapsids (modern reptiles and birds) independently acquired the middle ear after divergence from their common ancestor, the developmental bases of these transformations remain unknown. Here we show that lower-to-upper jaw transformation induced by inactivation of the Endothelin1-Dlx5/6 cascade involving Goosecoid results in loss of the tympanic membrane in mouse, but causes duplication of the tympanic membrane in chicken. Detailed anatomical analysis indicates that the relative positions of the primary jaw joint and first pharyngeal pouch led to the coupling of tympanic membrane formation with the lower jaw in mammals, but with the upper jaw in diapsids. We propose that differences in connection and release by various pharyngeal skeletal elements resulted in structural diversity, leading to the acquisition of the tympanic membrane in two distinct manners during amniote evolution. The evolution of the amniote middle ear remains unclear. Here, the authors show that inactivation of the Edn1-Dlx5/6 cascade during development results in loss of the tympanic membrane in mouse and duplication in chicken, which suggests independent evolution of the tympanic membrane in different amniotes.