Quinoids, quinoid radicals, and phenoxyl radicals formed from estrogens and antiestrogens
Quinoids, quinoid radicals, and phenoxyl radicals formed from estrogens and antiestrogens
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DOI：
10.1016/s0300-483x(02)00195-6
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发表时间：
2002-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Bolton, JL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bolton, JL
雌激素在体内具有多种有益作用，包括防止骨质疏松症、冠心病、阿尔茨海默病和中风。同样，抗雌激素已被证明是有效的治疗乳腺癌以及预防这种疾病。尽管这些药物对健康有益，但据报道，它们的副作用包括增加患某些激素依赖性癌症的风险。虽然雌激素机制可能有助于雌激素/抗雌激素致癌机制，但有大量证据表明也涉及活性中间体的代谢。雌激素和抗雌激素都可以代谢为苯氧基自由基、邻醌和半醌自由基，所有这些自由基都可以通过烷基化或氧化细胞大分子（包括DNA）而引起细胞损伤。相比之下，有几个报道表明雌激素和抗雌激素可以作为抗氧化剂，其可以保护细胞免受自由基介导的损伤，并有助于上述这些化合物的有益效果。本文综述了醌类化合物、醌自由基和苯氧基自由基在雌激素和抗雌激素生物学效应中的作用。(C)2002爱思唯尔科学爱尔兰有限公司保留所有权利。
Estrogens have a variety of beneficial effects in vivo including protection against osteoporosis, coronary heart disease, Alzheimer's disease, and stroke. Similarly, antiestrogens have been shown to be effective both in treating breast cancer as well as preventing this disease. Despite the health benefits of these drugs adverse side effects have been reported including increased risk for developing certain hormone dependent cancers. Although an estrogenic mechanism likely contributes to mechanism of estrogen/antiestrogen carcinogenesis there is substantial evidence to suggest that metabolism to reactive intermediates is also involved. Both estrogens and antiestrogens can be metabolized to phenoxyl radicals, o-quinones, and semiquinone radicals, all of which could cause damage in cells either through alkylation or oxidation of cellular macromolecules including DNA. In contrast, there are several reports that estrogens and antiestrogens can act as antioxidants which could protect cells against free radical mediated damage and contribute to the beneficial effects of these compounds discussed above. The focus of this review is the role of quinoids, quinoid radicals, and phenoxyl radicals in the biological effects of estrogens and antiestrogens. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.