Trace elements as paradigms of developmental neurotoxicants: Lead, methylmercury and arsenic.
Trace elements as paradigms of developmental neurotoxicants: Lead, methylmercury and arsenic.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.07.023
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Herz KT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Grandjean P;Herz KT
微量元素为发育神经毒性提供了独特的见解，并作为此类不良反应的范例。许多微量元素会在体内保留很长时间，并且可以通过几十年前出现的廉价分析方法轻松测量以评估暴露情况，从而可以通过分析生物样本（例如，生物样本）轻松表征过去和累积的暴露情况。血液和尿液。第一个令人信服的证据来自不幸的中毒事件，这些事件允许对早期发育过程中发生的急性暴露的长期结果进行审查。根据这份文件，对应用敏感神经行为方法的儿童群体进行的前瞻性研究支持了这样的观点，即大脑在早期发育过程中特别容易受到毒性损伤。因此，铅、甲基汞和砷可以作为典型的神经毒物，为可能具有类似副作用的其他物质提供参考。关于锰、氟化物和镉的证据较少，但前一种微量元素的经验表明，随着时间的推移，以前认为较低且安全的接触量可能会记录到不利影响。
Trace elements have contributed unique insights into developmental neurotoxicity and serve as paradigms for such adverse effects. Many trace elements are retained in the body for long periods and can be easily measured to assess exposure by inexpensive analytical methods that became available several decades ago so that past and cumulated exposures could be easily characterized through analysis of biological samples, e.g. blood and urine. The first compelling evidence resulted from unfortunate poisoning events that allowed scrutiny of long-term outcomes of acute exposures that occurred during early development. Pursuant to this documentation, prospective studies of children's cohorts that applied sensitive neurobehavioral methods supported the notion that the brain is uniquely vulnerable to toxic damage during early development. Lead, methylmercury, and arsenic thereby serve as paradigm neurotoxicants that provide a reference for other substances that may have similar adverse effects. Less evidence is available on manganese, fluoride, and cadmium, but experience from the former trace elements suggest that, with time, adverse effects are likely to be documented at exposures previously thought to be low and safe.