Dicer in immune cell development and function.
Dicer in immune cell development and function.
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DOI：
10.3109/08820139.2013.863557
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Tomasi TB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Devasthanam AS;Tomasi TB
Dicer是RNase III内切核糖核酸酶家族的一种酶，其对于真核生物中的RNA干扰（RNAi）至关重要。Dicer是蛋白质机制（RNA诱导沉默复合物[RISC]）的一种组分，其参与催化microRNA生物合成过程中由其前体形成成熟microRNA。RISC相关microRNA主要通过互补碱基配对与同源mRNA的3'非翻译区中的特定序列结合，导致翻译抑制和/或特定mRNA库的降解。microRNA表观遗传调节受体、转录因子和信号蛋白的细胞水平，这些蛋白支配发育途径和多种细胞过程的功能。Dicer在microRNA形成中发挥的关键作用也引起了分子免疫学家的兴趣，他们试图了解microRNA在免疫系统发育和功能中的生物学相关性。在这里，我们回顾了这些研究的主要发现，并概述了Dicer和microRNA在免疫细胞发育和功能中的作用。此外，我们强调了我们知识的不足和新的研究领域，这可能会增强我们对Dicer和microRNA在免疫中作用的理解。
Dicer is an enzyme of the RNase III endoribonuclease family, which is crucial for RNA interference (RNAi) in eukaryotes. Dicer is a component of the protein machinery (the RNA Induced Silencing Complex [RISC]) which is involved in catalyzing the formation of mature microRNAs from their precursors in the process of microRNA biogenesis. RISC-associated microRNAs bind to specific sequences in the 3’ untranslated region of cognate mRNAs largely through complementary base pairing, resulting in either translational inhibition and/or the degradation of a specific mRNA pool. MicroRNAs epigenetically regulate the cellular levels of receptors, transcription factors and signaling proteins that govern the developmental pathways and functions of multiple cellular processes. The pivotal role played by Dicer in microRNA formation has also piqued the interest of molecular immunologists who have sought to understand the biological relevance of microRNAs in the development and function of the immune system. Here, we review the major findings of these studies and provide an overview of the role of Dicer and microRNAs in immune cell development and function. Additionally, we highlight deficiencies in our knowledge and new research areas that may enhance our understanding of the role of Dicer and microRNAs in immunity.