ON PURE LAND BUDDHISM AND CH'AN/PURE LAND SYNCRETISM IN MEDIEVAL CHINA
ON PURE LAND BUDDHISM AND CH'AN/PURE LAND SYNCRETISM IN MEDIEVAL CHINA
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论中国中世纪净土宗与禅宗/净土宗的融合
DOI：
10.1163/156853202100368398
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发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
R. Sharf
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Sharf
佛教和中国宗教的现代研究经常提到一个中国本土的净土“学校”，在中世纪时期出现。这所学校是典型的特点，作为一个独特的传统与自己的教义和自己的路线的族长，包括谭銮（476-542），道绰（562-645），和善道（613-681）。在宋代，像永明延寿（904-975）这样的释经家被认为是创造了净土教义和禅的综合体，其结果--“禅/净土融合”--成为从宋末到现在的佛教寺院修行的主要形式。此内容于2016年10月5日星期三04：23：24 UTC从http://about.jstor.org/terms下载所有使用受 157.55.39.231约束关于净土宗331在本文中，我认为在中世纪的中国，几乎没有任何类似独立或自我意识的净土宗传统的证据。净土宇宙论、救世论和仪式一直是中国佛教的重要组成部分，特别是禅宗的修道制度。因此，没有必要将净土与禅“综合”。中国净土学派的现代概念，有自己的宗主教和教义，以及禅/净土融合的相关概念，受到日本历史发展和当代日本学术界宗派论战的持久遗产的极大影响。此内容于2016年10月5日星期三04：23：24 UTC从157.55.39.231下载所有使用受 http://about.jstor.org/terms约束
Modern studies of Buddhism and Chinese religion often refer to an indigenous Chinese Pure Land "school" that arose in the medieval period. This school is typically characterized as a distinct tradition with its own teachings and its own line of patriarchs, including T'an-luan (476-542), Tao-ch'o (562-645), and Shantao (613-681). In the Sung, exegetes such as Yung-ming Yen-shou (904-975) are credited with creating a synthesis of Pure Land teachings and Ch'an, and the result-"Ch'an/Pure Land syncretism"-emerged as the dominant form of Buddhist monastic practice from the end of the Sung down through the present day. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.231 on Wed, 05 Oct 2016 04:23:24 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms ON PURE LAND BUDDHISM 331 In this article I argue that there is little evidence of anything resembling an independent or self-conscious Pure Land tradition in medieval China. Pure Land cosmology, soteriology, and ritual were always part-and-parcel of Chinese Buddhism in general and Ch'an monasticism in particular. Accordingly, there was no need for a "synthesis" of Pure Land and Ch'an. The modern conception of a Chinese Pure Land school with its own patriarchate and teachings, and the associated notion of Ch'an/Pure Land syncretism, are inordinately influenced by historical developments in Japan and the enduring legacy of sectarian polemics in contemporary Japanese scholarship. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.231 on Wed, 05 Oct 2016 04:23:24 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms