Rapid multi-material 3D printing with projection micro-stereolithography using dynamic fluidic control
Rapid multi-material 3D printing with projection micro-stereolithography using dynamic fluidic control
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DOI：
10.1016/j.addma.2019.03.031
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发表时间：
2019-05-01
影响因子：
11
通讯作者：
Lee, Howon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Han, Daehoon;Yang, Chen;Lee, Howon
掩模投影立体光刻是一种基于数字光处理的增材制造技术，其具有各种优点，例如高分辨率、无扫描并行工艺、宽材料组可用以及无支撑结构的三维（3D）打印。然而，由于在缸中更换液态材料的困难，使用掩模投影立体光刻的多材料3D打印一直具有挑战性。在这项工作中，我们报告了一种快速的多材料投影微立体光刻使用动态流体控制的多个液体光聚合物内的集成流体单元。高度复杂的多材料3D微结构通过活性材料交换过程快速制造。研究了不同光致聚合物在流控池中的材料流速、材料交换效率以及能量剂量对固化深度的影响。此外，还评估了3D打印多材料结构中不同材料之间的交叉污染程度，以评估多材料打印的质量。这种压力密封和无泄漏的流体单元能够在液体光聚合物之间进行主动和快速的切换，甚至包括微米/纳米颗粒悬浮液，这可能导致多材料金属/陶瓷结构或异质生物材料的简易3D打印。此外，使用温敏水凝胶和电活性水凝胶打印多响应水凝胶微结构，显示响应于多种外部刺激的各种溶胀致动模式。这种在微观尺度上快速、异质地将多种功能材料三维集成的新能力，有可能加速许多新兴领域的进步，包括3D超材料、组织工程和软机器人。
Mask projection stereolithography is a digital light processing-based additive manufacturing technique that has various advantages, such as high-resolution, scanning-free parallel process, wide material sets available, and support-structure-free three-dimensional (3D) printing. However, multi-material 3D printing with mask projection stereolithography has been challenging due to difficulties of exchanging a liquid-state material in a vat. In this work, we report a rapid multi-material projection micro-stereolithography using dynamic fluidic control of multiple liquid photopolymers within an integrated fluidic cell. Highly complex multi-material 3D microstructures are rapidly fabricated through an active material exchange process. Material flow rate in the fluidic cell, material exchange efficiency, and the effects of energy dosage on curing depth are studied for various photopolymers. In addition, the degree of cross-contamination between different materials in a 3D printed multimaterial structure is evaluated to assess the quality of multi-material printing. The pressure-tight and leak-free fluidic cell enables active and fast switch between liquid photopolymers, even including micro-/nano-particle suspensions, which could potentially lead to facile 3D printing of multi-material metallic/ceramic structures or heterogeneous biomaterials. In addition, a multi-responsive hydrogel micro-structure is printed using a thermoresponsive hydrogel and an electroactive hydrogel, showing various modes of swelling actuation in response to multiple external stimuli. This new ability to rapidly and heterogeneously integrate multiple functional materials in three-dimension at micro-scale has potential to accelerate advances in many emerging areas including 3D metamaterials, tissue engineering, and soft robotics.