Production scheduling optimization considering ecological costs for open pit metal mines
Production scheduling optimization considering ecological costs for open pit metal mines
复制标题
考虑生态成本的露天金属矿山生产调度优化
DOI：
10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.01.135
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发表时间：
2018-04-10
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Wang, Xun-hong
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Xu, Xiao-chuan;Gu, Xiao-wei;Wang, Xun-hong
在优化露天矿作业的生产计划时，采矿的生态成本通常被视为外部因素，并在优化方案之外进行评估。然而，生态成本可能对调度结果产生重大影响，应将其内化到调度优化模型中。本文提出了一种将生态成本视为内部成本项目的露天矿生产调度方法。一系列地质最佳（最大金属）推回首先在最终坑内产生。然后使用动态规划（DP）模型对这些推回进行排序，以获得最佳生产计划，其中生态成本被纳入经济评估公式中。模型中考虑和估算的生态成本包括能源消耗的碳排放成本以及与受损土地（生态系统）相关的成本，如直接生态服务损失价值、恢复成本、间接生态服务价值损失（空气净化、氧气释放、水土保持、养分循环）。提出了一个大型露天矿的案例研究，以比较考虑和不考虑生态成本的调度结果。结果表明，生态成本确实对调度结果有相当大的影响：与没有生态成本的调度相比，具有内部生态成本的调度具有更低的生产率和更长的矿山寿命；前者生态成本总现值较后者减少2.8%，总净现值增加2.5%；两个时间表的采矿顺序也不同。 (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。
In optimizing the production schedule of an open pit operation, ecological costs of mining have been generally treated as externalities and assessed outside the optimization scheme. However, ecological costs may have significant effects on the scheduling outcome and should be internalized in schedule optimization models. This paper presents a method of open pit production scheduling that treats ecological costs as internal cost items. A series of geologically optimum (maximum-metal) push-backs is first generated inside the ultimate pit. These push-backs are then sequenced using a Dynamic Programming (DP) model to obtain the best production schedule, in which the ecological costs are incorporated in the economic evaluation formulations. The ecological costs considered and estimated in the model include carbon emission cost of energy consumption and the costs related to damaged land (ecosystem), such as the lost value of direct ecological services, restoration costs, lost value of indirect ecological services (air purification, oxygen release, soil and water conservation, nutrient cycling). A case study on a large-scale open pit mine is presented to compare the scheduling outcomes with and without internalizing the ecological costs. Results show that ecological costs do have considerable effects on the scheduling outcome: the schedule with internalized ecological costs has lower production rates and a longer mine life than that without ecological costs; the former has a 2.8% reduction in the total present value of ecological costs and a 2.5% gain in the overall net present value over the latter; the mining sequences of the two schedules are also different. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.