Identifying the hydrochemical characteristics of rivers and groundwater by multivariate statistical analysis in the Sanjiang Plain, China
Identifying the hydrochemical characteristics of rivers and groundwater by multivariate statistical analysis in the Sanjiang Plain, China
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通过多元统计分析识别中国三江平原河流和地下水的水化学特征
DOI：
10.1007/s13201-014-0215-5
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发表时间：
2016-06-01
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Zhang, Yinghua
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cao, Yingjie;Tang, Changyuan;Zhang, Yinghua
应用因子分析和判别分析两种多元统计技术，对三江平原河流和地下水水化学及其控制过程进行了研究。因子分析确定了5个因子，它们解释了数据集总方差的79.65%.将控制河流和地下水水化学过程的四个具有特定意义的因素分为“自然水化学演化”和“污染”两大类。“自然水化学演化”组包括由岩石风化引起的盐度因子（因子1）和反映地下水运移时间的停留时间因子（因子2）。“污染”组代表地下水水质恶化，这是由于铁和锰含量升高（系数3）和农业开发等人类活动引起的硝酸盐（NO3−）升高（系数5）造成的地质污染。通过FA和DA（Fisher法）计算因子得分，评价了河流（地表水）、浅层地下水（SG）和深层地下水（DG）群间水化学差异和水力联系。结果表明，该地区河流水质具有低矿化度、轻度污染的特点，浅层地下水矿化度最高，污染严重。Fisher判别函数能很好地将SW与SG和DG分离，但SG和DG不能很好地分离，显示了它们的水化学相似性，并强调了SG和DG之间的水力联系。
Two multivariate statistical technologies, factor analysis (FA) and discriminant analysis (DA), are applied to study the river and groundwater hydrochemistry and its controlling processes in the Sanjiang Plain of the northeast China. Factor analysis identifies five factors which account for 79.65 % of the total variance in the dataset. Four factors bearing specific meanings as the river and groundwater hydrochemistry controlling processes are divided into two groups, the “natural hydrochemistry evolution” group and the “pollution” group. The “natural hydrochemistry evolution” group includes the salinity factor (factor 1) caused by rock weathering and the residence time factor (factor 2) reflecting the groundwater traveling time. The “pollution” group represents the groundwater quality deterioration due to geogenic pollution caused by elevated Fe and Mn (factor 3) and elevated nitrate (NO3−) introduced by human activities such as agriculture exploitations (factor 5). The hydrochemical difference and hydraulic connection among rivers (surface water, SW), shallow groundwater (SG) and deep groundwater (DG) group are evaluated by the factor scores obtained from FA and DA (Fisher’s method). It is showed that the river water is characterized as low salinity and slight pollution, and the shallow groundwater has the highest salinity and severe pollution. The SW is well separated from SG and DG by Fisher’s discriminant function, but the SG and DG can not be well separated showing their hydrochemical similarities, and emphasize hydraulic connections between SG and DG.