Emerging roles for RNA degradation in viral replication and antiviral defense.
Emerging roles for RNA degradation in viral replication and antiviral defense.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.virol.2015.02.007
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发表时间：
2015-05
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Glaunsinger, Britt
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Abernathy, Emma;Glaunsinger, Britt
病毒复制显著改变了受感染细胞的基因表达景观。许多这些变化是由病毒操纵宿主转录或翻译机制驱动的。几种哺乳动物病毒编码的因子通过直接靶向信使RNA（mRNA）广泛抑制基因表达。在这里，我们强调这些因素如何促进mRNA降解，以全面调节宿主和病毒基因表达。虽然这些病毒因子不是同源的，并且使用不同的机制来靶向mRNA，但它们中的许多在执行RNA降解的策略中显示出惊人的相似之处，并调用细胞RNA质量控制途径的关键特征。在某些情况下，宿主相对于病毒mRNA的降解缺乏选择性，表明病毒诱导的mRNA降解的目的超出了将细胞资源重新定向至病毒基因表达。此外，几种抗病毒途径使用RNA降解作为病毒限制机制，我们将总结与这些宿主编码的核糖核酸酶如何靶向和破坏病毒RNA相关的新发现。病毒可以编码促进广泛mRNA降解的核酸酶。病毒核酸内切酶通过不同的机制被募集到mRNA中。病毒介导的mRNA衰变可以帮助病毒逃避免疫检测。许多mRNA会发生衰变，这可能有助于控制基因表达。细胞RNA质量控制途径可用于限制病毒感染。
Viral replication significantly alters the gene expression landscape of infected cells. Many of these changes are driven by viral manipulation of host transcription or translation machinery. Several mammalian viruses encode factors that broadly dampen gene expression by directly targeting messenger RNA (mRNA). Here, we highlight how these factors promote mRNA degradation to globally regulate both host and viral gene expression. Although these viral factors are not homologous and use distinct mechanisms to target mRNA, many of them display striking parallels in their strategies for executing RNA degradation and invoke key features of cellular RNA quality control pathways. In some cases, there is a lack of selectivity for degradation of host versus viral mRNA, indicating that the purposes of virus-induced mRNA degradation extend beyond redirecting cellular resources towards viral gene expression. In addition, several antiviral pathways use RNA degradation as a viral restriction mechanism, and we will summarize new findings related to how these host-encoded ribonucleases target and destroy viral RNA. Viruses can encode nucleases that promote widespread mRNA degradation. Viral endonucleases are recruited to mRNAs by different mechanisms. Viral-mediated mRNA decay can help viruses evade immune detection. Many mRNAs are subjected to decay and this may help control gene expression. Cellular RNA quality control pathways can be used to restrict viral infection.
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