Functional, synthetic organic chemical models of cellular ion channels.
Functional, synthetic organic chemical models of cellular ion channels.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.bmc.2003.08.036
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发表时间：
2004-03
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
G. Gokel;Paul H. Schlesinger;N. Djedovic;R. Ferdani;Egan Harder;Jiaxing Hu;W. Leevy;Jolanta Pajewska;Robert Pajewski;Michelle E. Weber
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文献类型：
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作者：
G. Gokel;Paul H. Schlesinger;N. Djedovic;R. Ferdani;Egan Harder;Jiaxing Hu;W. Leevy;Jolanta Pajewska;Robert Pajewski;Michelle E. Weber
细胞被描述为“生命的基本胶囊”。1它包含生命所需的营养物质以及其使用所需的化学机械。 2 细菌（原核生物）和酵母或哺乳动物细胞（真核生物）在许多方面存在差异，但两者都是由膜包围的胶囊。生命系统的膜屏障都很复杂，但细菌和哺乳动物细胞周围的膜屏障却截然不同。细菌膜可能包含一个或两个外部屏障，分别取决于它们是革兰氏阳性还是革兰氏阴性。真核细胞的细胞内膜系统在细菌细胞中实际上不存在。细菌细胞相对简单；它们缺乏明确的细胞器，并且 DNA 存在于“核区域”，而不是包含在具有复杂运输和调节作用的双膜系统中。另一方面，真核生物的膜复杂性显着增加，包括周围的质膜和明确定义的亚细胞成分，包括细胞核、线粒体、高尔基体、溶酶体、内体和内质网。这些膜均具有具有显着选择性的有效屏障的共同功能。
The cell has been described as ‘‘the basic capsule of life.’’1 It contains the nutrients required for vitality and the chemical machinery required for their use. 2 Bacteria (prokaryotes) and cells in yeast or mammals (eukaryotes) differ in many ways but both are capsules bounded by membranes. The membrane barriers of living systems are all complex but those surrounding bacteria and mammalian cells differ profoundly. Bacterial membranes may contain one or two outer barriers depending on whether they are Gram-positive or Gram-negative, respectively. The intracellular membrane system of eukaryotic cells is practically nonexistent in the bacterial cell. Bacterial cells are relatively simple; they lack defined organelles and the DNA is found in a ‘nuclear area’rather than contained within a double membrane system having complex transport and regulatory roles. Eukaryotes, on the other hand, display a dramatic increase in membrane complexity that includes a surrounding plasma membrane and clearly defined subcellular components including the nucleus, mitochondria, the Golgi, lysosomes, endosomes, and the endoplasmic reticulum. Each of these membranes serves the common function of an effective barrier with remarkable selectivity.