A simple and general explanation for the evolution of altruism
A simple and general explanation for the evolution of altruism
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2008.0829
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发表时间：
2009-01-07
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Doebeli, Michael
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fletcher, Jeffrey A.;Doebeli, Michael
我们提出了一个简单的框架，突出了利他主义进化的最基本要求：携带合作基因型的个人之间的分类和这些个人相互作用的其他人的帮助行为。我们分区的健身效果对个人的影响，由于自我和那些由于“互动环境”，并表明，这是后者是最根本的理解利他主义的演变。我们说明，虽然亲属关系或遗传相似性之间的互动可能会产生一个有利的结构的互动环境，这不是一个基本的要求利他主义的进化，甚至自杀援助理论上可以进化没有帮助的遗传相似的个体之间交换。使用我们的简单框架，我们还澄清了一个常见的混淆文献中的替代健身会计方法（这可能同样适用于相同的生物环境）和独特的因果机制，创造必要的利他主义的分类，有利于自然选择。
We present a simple framework that highlights the most fundamental requirement for the evolution of altruism: assortment between individuals carrying the cooperative genotype and the helping behaviours of others with which these individuals interact. We partition the fitness effects on individuals into those due to self and those due to the 'interaction environment', and show that it is the latter that is most fundamental to understanding the evolution of altruism. We illustrate that while kinship or genetic similarity among those interacting may generate a favourable structure of interaction environments, it is not a fundamental requirement for the evolution of altruism, and even suicidal aid can theoretically evolve without help ever being exchanged among genetically similar individuals. Using our simple framework, we also clarify a common confusion made in the literature between alternative fitness accounting methods (which may equally apply to the same biological circumstances) and unique causal mechanisms for creating the assortment necessary for altruism to be favoured by natural selection.